種群及其基本特征(1)-wenkub
2023-05-18 06:21:30 本頁(yè)面
【正文】 存活曲線 Survivorship Curve ? Survivorship is the converse of mortality. Survivorship data are often shown as a survivorship curve for a particular population。 ? 較為少見(jiàn)的現(xiàn)象是，當(dāng)動(dòng)物個(gè)體較小時(shí)表現(xiàn)為雄性，一旦長(zhǎng)大后便轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)榇菩?。這種情況在魚(yú)類中是比較常見(jiàn)的。多數(shù) =1： 1；孤雌 1；社會(huì)昆蟲(chóng) 1；性比可隨環(huán)境變化；性轉(zhuǎn)變 Age and stage structure ? The age structure of a population is the number of individuals in each age class expressed as a ratio, and is usually displayed as an age pyramid diagram. A population which is neither expanding nor contracting will have a stationary age distribution. A growing population will have more young, while a declining population will be dominated by older age classes. Where anisms pass through discrete growth stages (. insect larval instars幼蟲(chóng)齡期 ), the number of individuals at each stage (the ‘stage structure’) may provide a useful description of the population. In species where growth rates are indeterminate (不確定 , such as plants), size classes may be more informative. 性轉(zhuǎn)變 ? 性別轉(zhuǎn)變現(xiàn)象可以說(shuō)是行為生態(tài)學(xué)中最有趣、最奇異的現(xiàn)象之一。 = 020040060080010001200140016000 5 10 15 20 25 30 35箬竹潛蛾的每葉潛道數(shù)分布 y = (x) + R178。 One that grows by the repeated iteration(迭代 ) of parts, . the leaves, shoots and branches of a plant, the polyps(個(gè)員 ) of a 珊瑚 coral or 苔蘚蟲(chóng)bryozoan. Modular anisms are almost always branched, though the connections between branches may separate or decay and the separated parts may in many cases then bee physiologically independent, . 水螅 Hydra spp. and 浮萍 duckweeds (Lemna spp.). 構(gòu)件生物 ? 苔蘚蟲(chóng) bryozoan： 無(wú)性系分株 ramet ? 構(gòu)件生物各部分間的連接可能會(huì)死亡和腐爛，這樣就形成了許多分離的個(gè)體，這些個(gè)體來(lái)源于一個(gè)受精卵并且基因型相同。如一株樹(shù)有許多樹(shù)枝。 ? 種群重要的群體特征 。4 種群及其基本特征 Population and Its Basic Characteristics ? 種群的概念 The concept of population ? 種群動(dòng)態(tài) Population dynamics ? 種群的密度和分布 Population density and distribution ? 種群統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué) Population demography ? 種群的增長(zhǎng)模型 Population growth model ? 自然種群的數(shù)量變動(dòng) Fluctuation of natural populations 4 種群及其基本特征 Population and Its Basic Characteristics ? . 5 生態(tài)入侵 Ecological invasion ? 種群調(diào)節(jié) Population regulation ? 外源性種群調(diào)節(jié)理論 Exogenous population regulation theory ? 內(nèi)源性種群調(diào)節(jié)理論 Endogenous population regulation theory ? 集合種群動(dòng)態(tài) Metapopulation dynamics ? 概念和術(shù)語(yǔ) Concepts and terms ? 集合種群理論的意義與應(yīng)用 Significances and applications of metapopulation theory ? [教學(xué)目的 ] ? 了解種群及其有關(guān)名詞概念；了解研究種群動(dòng)態(tài)的基本方法；種群密度及其相關(guān)概念；種群的內(nèi)分布型類及相關(guān)概念；掌握種群的群體特征及其相關(guān)概念；掌握種群增長(zhǎng)模型 (兩種 )。 ? 種群的 增長(zhǎng)模型 及其應(yīng)用 。并且構(gòu)件數(shù)很不相同，隨著環(huán)境的變化而變化。 種群的 3個(gè)基本特征 Three basic characteristics of a population ? 空間特征 Spatial characteristics：一定的分布區(qū)域 ? 數(shù)量特征 Numerical characteristics：變動(dòng)的個(gè)體數(shù)量
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