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半導(dǎo)體器件基礎(chǔ)(1)-wenkub

2023-05-14 04:52:34 本頁面
 

【正文】 基區(qū)的電子密度。 Chapter 2 Basic Properties of Bipolar Junction Transistors Fundamental of Semiconductor Devices 根據(jù)上述定義,有 ECnCCnEnCEnEJJJJJJJJ?????**????Chapter 2 Basic Properties of Bipolar Junction Transistors Fundamental of Semiconductor Devices 考慮到集電結(jié)勢壘區(qū)雪崩倍增效應(yīng)將使集電極電流迅速增大,因此電流放大系數(shù)還應(yīng)乘以雪崩倍增因子 M: M**???? ?Chapter 2 Basic Properties of Bipolar Junction Transistors Fundamental of Semiconductor Devices 以上討論及定義, 盡管只針對 npn 晶體管,但將電子和空穴對換, 也適用于 pnp 晶體管。 Chapter 2 Basic Properties of Bipolar Junction Transistors Fundamental of Semiconductor Devices 就 γ 而言,對放大作用有貢獻的是注入到基區(qū)的電子電流 JnE, JpE 并無貢獻, γ 要 接近于 1 , JnE 應(yīng)盡量大、 JpE 盡量小 或 JpE/ JnE 盡可能小。 Chapter 2 Basic Properties of Bipolar Junction Transistors Fundamental of Semiconductor Devices 由發(fā)射區(qū)注入并到達集電區(qū)的電子電流 1 對放大作用有貢獻,我們希望這部分電流盡可能大,其它分量盡可能小。其中,一部分電子流與空穴流復(fù)合,如 圖中 3 。 Chapter 2 Basic Properties of Bipolar Junction Transistors Fundamental of Semiconductor Devices 基本結(jié)構(gòu) Basic Structures 晶體管由兩個 pn 結(jié):發(fā)射結(jié)和集電結(jié),將晶體管劃分為三個區(qū):發(fā)射區(qū)、基區(qū)及集電區(qū)。 Chapter 2 Basic Properties of Bipolar Junction Transistors Fundamental of Semiconductor Devices 相應(yīng)的三個電極稱為發(fā)射極、基極和集電極,常用 E, B 和 C ( 或 e, b 和 c ) 表示。 Chapter 2 Basic Properties of Bipolar Junction Transistors Fundamental of Semiconductor Devices 基區(qū)大部分注入電子憑擴散及漂移運動到達集電結(jié)邊界,被反偏集電結(jié)強電場掃入集電區(qū),從集電極流出,即圖中 1 所示。 Chapter 2 Basic Properties of Bipolar Junction Transistors Fundamental of Semiconductor Devices 實際電路中晶體管有三種連接法: 共基 ( Common Base Configuration ) 共射 ( Common Emitter Configuration ) 共集 ( Common Collector Configuration) Chapter 2 Basic Properties of Bipolar Junction Transistors Fundamental of Semiconductor Devices UB IB E B IC IE n p n UB UC RL RE C E B C 共基極 Chapter 2 Basic Properties of Bipolar Junction Transistors Fundamental of Semiconductor Devices B UB IB CBE IC UC RL RE IE C E n p n 共發(fā)射極 Chapter 2 Basic Properties of Bipolar Junction Transistors Fundamental of Semiconductor Devices E C B IB UB UC RL RE IE IC n p n EBC 共集電極 Chapter 2 Basic Properties of Bipolar Junction Transistors Fundamental of Semiconductor Devices 設(shè)晶體管處于線性放大區(qū) ,三種接法 , 發(fā)射結(jié)均為正偏 , 集電結(jié)均為反偏 。 Chapter 2 Basic Properties of Bipolar Junction Transistors Fundamental of Semiconductor Devices β * 稱基區(qū)輸運系數(shù),表示到達集電結(jié)的電子電流與注入到基區(qū)的電子電流之比,即 nEnCJJ?*?Chapter 2 Basic Properties of Bipolar Junction Transistors Fundamental of Semiconductor Devices 式中 JnC 表示到達集電結(jié)的電子電流密度。 Chapter 2 Basic Properties of Bipolar Junction Transistors Fundamental of Semiconductor Devices 典型共射連接如圖所示: IC B UB IB CBE UC RL RE IE C E n p n Chapter 2 Basic Properties of Bipolar Junction Transistors Fundamental of Semiconductor Devices 共發(fā)射極電流放大系數(shù)定義為集電極電流 IC 與基極電流 IB 之比: BCJJ??Chapter 2 Basic Properties of Bipolar Junction Transistors Fundamental of Semiconductor Devices 為導(dǎo)出 β 與 α 的關(guān)系 , 考察上圖 , 并把 IB = IE – IC 代入上式 , 得 ?????????11ECECCECJJJJJJJChapter 2 Basic Properties of Bipolar Junction Transistors Fundamental of Semiconductor Devices 或者 ?????1Chapter 2 Basic Properties of Bipolar Junction Transistors Fundamental of Semiconductor Devices 均勻基區(qū)晶體管的直流特性和電流增益 DC Characteristics and Current Gain of Transistors with Uniform Base Chapter 2 Basic Properties of Bipolar Junction Transistors Fundamental of Semiconductor Devices 合金晶體管是典型的均勻基區(qū)晶體管。 Chapter 2 Basic Properties of Bipolar Junction Transistors Fundamental of Semiconductor Devices 集電結(jié)反偏,且 | UC | kT / q 勢壘區(qū)兩側(cè)的少數(shù)載流子密度幾乎為零,分別表示為 Chapter 2 Basic Properties of Bipolar Junction Transistors Fundamental of Semiconductor Devices 式中 UC 為 集電結(jié)外加偏壓 ,p0nc 為集電區(qū)中平衡時的空穴密度 。Chapter 2 Basic Properties of Bipolar Junction Transistors Fundamental of Semiconductor Devices 基區(qū)中非平衡電子的分布應(yīng)為 Δn’pb 與 Δn’’pb 的疊加,即 ? ? ? ? ? ????????????????????????????bpbbkTqUpbpbpbpbWxnWx
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