【正文】 ent. applicable to the organization () or parts thereof. that arises from the environmental objectives () and that needs to be set and met in order to achieve those objectivesinterested partyperson or group concerned with or affected by the environmental performance () of an organization ()internal auditsystematic. independent and documented process for obtaining audit evidence and evaluating it objectively to determine the extent to which the environmental management system audit criteria set by the organization () are fulfilledNOTE In many cases. particularly in smaller organizations. independence can be demonstrated by the freedom from responsibility for the activity being audited.nonconformitynonfulfilment of a requirement[ISO 9000:2000. ]organizationpany. corporation. firm. enterprise. authority or institution. or part or bination thereof. Whether incorporated or not. public or private. that has its own functions and administrationNOTE For organizations with more than one operating unit. a single operating unit may be defined as an organization.preventive actionaction to eliminate the cause of a potential nonconformity ()prevention of pollutionuse of processes. practices. techniques. materials. products. services or energy to avoid. reduce or control (separately or in bination) the creation. emission or discharge of any type of pollutant or waste. in order to reduce adverse environmental impacts ()NOTE Prevention of pollution can include source reduction or elimination. process. product or service changes. efficient use of resources. material and energy substitution. reuse. recovery. recycling. reclamation and treatment.procedurespecified way to carry out an activity or a processNOTE 1 Procedures can be documented or not.NOTE 2 Adapted from ISO 9000:2000. .recorddocument () stating results achieved or providing evidence of activities performedNOTE Adapted from ISO 9000:2000. .4 Environmental management system requirements General requirementsThe organization shall establish. document. implement. maintain and continually improve an environmental management system in accordance with the requirements of this International Standard and determine how it will fulfill these requirements.The organization shall define and document the scope of its environmental management system. Environmental policyTop management shall define the organization39。s environmental management system. at planned intervals. to ensure its continuing suitability. adequacy and effectiveness. Reviews shall include assessing opportunities for improvement and the need for changes to the environmental management system. including the environmental policy and environmental objectives and targets. Records of the management reviews shall be retained.Input to management reviews shall includea) results of internal audits and evaluations of pliance with legal requirements and with other requirements to which the organization subscribes.b) munication(s) from external interested parties. including plaints.c) the environmental performance of the organization.d) the extent to which objectives and targets have been met.e) status of corrective and preventive actions.f) followup actions from previous management reviews.g) changing circumstances. including developments in legal and other requirements related to its environmental aspects. andh) remendations for improvement.The outputs from management reviews shall include any decisions and actions related to possible changes to environmental policy. objectives. targets and other elements of the environmental management system. consistent with the mitment to continual improvement.Annex A(informative)Guidance on the use of this International Standard General requirementsThe additional text given in this annex is strictly informative and is intended to prevent misinterpretation of the requirements contained in Clause 4 of tbis International Standard. While (his information addresses and is consistent with the requirements of Clause 4, it is not intended to add to, subtract from, or in any way modify these requirements.The implementation of an environmental management system specified by this International Standard is intended to result in improved environmental performance. Therefore this International Standard is based on the premise that the organization will periodically review and evaluate its environmental management system to identify opportunities for improvement and their implementation. The rate, extent and timescale of this continualimprovement process are determined by the organization in the light of economic and other circumstances.Improvements in its environmental management system are intended to result in further improvements in environmental performance.This international Standard requires an organization toa) establish an appropriate environmental policy,b) identify the environmental aspects arising from the organization39。 evaluation of previous emergency situations and accidents.Tools and methods for undertaking a review might include checklists, conducting interviews, direct inspection and measurement, results of previous audits or other reviews, depending on the nature of the activities.An organization has the freedom and flexibility to define its boundaries and may choose to implement this International Standard with respect to the entire organization or to specific operating units of the organization.The organization should define and document the scope of its environmental management system. Defining the scope is intended to clarify the boundaries of the organization [o which the environmental management system will apply, especially if the organization is a part of a larger organization at a given location. Once the scope is defined, all activities, products and services of the