【正文】 INTERNATIONAL STANDARDEnvironmental management systemsRequirements with guidance for use1 ScopeThis International Standard specifies requirements for an environmental management system to enable an organization to develop and implement a policy and objectives which take into account legal requirements and other requirements to which the organization subscribes. and information about significant environmental aspects. It applies to those environmental aspects that the organization identifies as those which it can control and those which it can influence. It does not itself state specific environmental performance criteria. This International Standard is applicable to any organization that wishes toa) establish. implement. maintain and improve an environmental management system.b) assure itself of conformity with its stated environmental policy.c) demonstrate conformity with this International Standard by 1) making a selfdetermination and selfdeclaration. or 2) seeking confirmation of its conformance by parties having an interest in the organization. such as customers. or 3) seeking confirmation of its selfdeclaration by a party external to the organization. or 4) seeking certification/registration of its environmental management system by an external organization. All the requirements in this International Standard are intended to be incorporated into any environmental management system. The extent of the application depends on factors such as the environmental policy of the organization. the nature of its activities. products and services and the location where and the conditions in which it functions. This International Standard aisc provides. in Annex A. informative guidance on its use.2 Normative referencesNo normative references are cited. This clause is included in order to retain clause numbering identical with the previous edition (ISO 14001:1996).3 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this document. the following terms and definitions apply.auditorperson with the petence to conduct an audit[ISO 9000:2000. ]continual improvementrecurring process of enhancing the environmental management system () in order to achieve improvements in overall environmental performance () consistent with the organization39。s () environmental policy ( )NOTE The process need not take place in all areas of activity simultaneously.corrective actionaction to eliminate the cause of a detected nonconformity ()documentinformation and its supporting mediumNOTE 1 The medium can be paper. magnetic. electronic or optical puter disc. photograph or master sample. or a bination thereofNOTE 2 Adapted from ISO 9000:2000. .environmentsurroundings in which an organization () operates. including air. water. land. natural resources. flora. fauna. humans. and their interrelationNOTE Surroundings in this context extend from within an organization ( 6) to the global system.environmental aspectelement of an organization39。s () activities or products or services that can interact with the environment ()NOTE A significant environmental aspect has or can have a significant environmental impact ().environmental impactany change to the environment (). whether adverse or beneficial. wholly or partially resulting from an organization39。s () environmental aspects ()environmental management system EMSpart of an organization39。s () management system used to develop and implement its environmental policy () and manage its environmental aspects ()NOTE I A management system is a set et interrelated elements used to establish policy and objectives and to achieve those objectives.NOTE 2 A management system includes organizational structure. planning activities. responsibilities. practices. procedures (). processes and resources.environmental objectiveoverall environmental goal. consistent with the environmental policy (). that an organization () sets itself to achieveenvironmental performancemeasurable results of an organization39。s () management of its environmental aspects ()NOTE In the context of environmental management systems (). results can be measured against the organization39。s () environmental policy (). environmental objectives (). environmental targets () and other environmental performance requirements.environmental policyoverall intentions and direction of an organization () related to its environmental performance () as formally expressed by top managementNOTE The environmental policy provides a framework for action and for the setting of environmental objectives () and environmental targets ().environmental targetdetailed pedormance requirement. applicable to the organization () or parts thereof. that arises from the environmental objectives () and that needs to be set and met in order to achieve those objectivesinterested partyperson or group concerned with or affected by the environmental performance () of an organization ()internal auditsystematic. independent and documented process for obtaining audit evidence and evaluating it objectively to determine the extent to which the environmental management system audit criteria set by the organization () are fulfilledNOTE In many cases. particularly in smaller organizations. independence can be demonstrated by the freedom from responsibility for the activity being audited.nonconformitynonfulfilment of a requirement[ISO 9000:2000. ]organizationpany. corporation. firm. enterprise. authority or institution. or part or bination thereof. Whether incorporated or not. public or private. that has its own functions and administrationNOTE For organizations with more than one operating unit. a single operating unit may be defined as an organization.preventive actionaction to eliminate the cause of a potential nonconformity ()prevention of pollutionuse o