【正文】 r in the feed is recovered , and the remainder is discarded. 目前，大規(guī)模的蒸發(fā)工藝過(guò)程正在發(fā)展并用于從海水中回收有飲用水。主語(yǔ)) different hydrocarbons in crude oil boil at different temperatures. 原油中各種烴的沸點(diǎn)不同。主語(yǔ)) two electrons involved in a covalent bond have their spins oppositely directed. 此共價(jià)鍵中的兩個(gè)電子的自旋方向相反。v.)(五) 句子成分轉(zhuǎn)換的譯法 an absorption system, the refrigerant is usually ammonia. 吸收系統(tǒng)中，通常用氨做冷卻劑。v.)4. The chlorine from salt is used for bleaching paper and textiles. 用食鹽制取的氯被用來(lái)漂白紙張和紡織品。v.)2. Gases differ from solids in that the former have greater pressibility than the latter. 氣體和固體的區(qū)別在于前者比后者有更大的壓縮性。 (加譯“類(lèi)”，“炔烴”不必譯出復(fù)數(shù)。 (省譯“when, and, when”) pounds are usually volatile and possess low melting points.有機(jī)化合物通常容易揮發(fā)且熔點(diǎn)較低。 (省譯動(dòng)詞“possess”) stable in air at ordinary temperature ,mercury bines with oxygen if heated.水銀常溫下在空氣中是穩(wěn)定的，但如果加熱時(shí)，它會(huì)與氧化合。)2. . A body with a negative charge possesses more elections than protons.帶負(fù)電的物體所含的電子比質(zhì)子多。 (v.174。 (prep.174。 (表語(yǔ)174。 (賓語(yǔ)174。 (謂語(yǔ)174。這里,冷凝水就是希望得到的產(chǎn)品。(第一個(gè)被動(dòng)態(tài)，先譯謂語(yǔ)，再譯主語(yǔ)；第二個(gè)被動(dòng)態(tài)，在主語(yǔ)前加譯“將”。(現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作后置定語(yǔ)，修飾“solution”，譯作“……的”。 (定語(yǔ)從句譯成條件狀語(yǔ)從句) problem whether natural rubber is a polymer with linear chain molecules has been solved.天然橡膠是否是線型鏈狀分子的聚合物，這個(gè)問(wèn)題已經(jīng)解決了。 (順譯法)2 Valuable solvent vapors carried by a gas stream may be recovered for reuse by washing the gas with an appropriate solvent for the vapors.被氣流攜帶的有價(jià)值的溶劑蒸汽可用下法回收再用，即用適合于該蒸汽的溶劑洗滌該氣流。)3 The idea that the four valence bonds of the carbon atom are directed toward the corners of a regular tetrahedron was advanced in 1874 by Van’t Hoff and independently by Le Bel to explain the existence of righthanded and lefthanded forms of some organic pounds, which shows in the face development of crystals(enantiomorphism) and in the power of solutions to rotate the plane of polarization of a transmitted beam of polarized light either to the right to the left(optical activity).碳原子的四個(gè)價(jià)鍵都指向正四面體的四角這一概念，是1874年由范托夫和賴(lài)貝爾各自分別提出的，以解釋某些有機(jī)化合物的右旋體或左旋體的存在，它們的存在表現(xiàn)在晶面的發(fā)展(對(duì)映形態(tài))和溶液把透入的偏振光束的偏振面向右或向左旋轉(zhuǎn)的能力(旋光性)上。 second method which is the least accurate is very often used in the industry because of its great ease and convenience.第二種配制方法準(zhǔn)確性最初差，但是，由于操作簡(jiǎn)單在工業(yè)上經(jīng)常采用。 the cause for the fragrance breakdown is found to lie not in a principal ponent of the product, but in an impurity or gradually developing breakdown product(., rancidity of unsaturated fatty acids and hydrogen chloride from propellant(Ⅱ),it is best to change the product formulation rather than the fragrance—the impurities or breakdown products usually have other undesirable effects in addition to that on the fragrance.如果發(fā)現(xiàn)香料的分解不是出于產(chǎn)品的一個(gè)主要成分，而是一種雜質(zhì)或是一種逐漸產(chǎn)生的分解產(chǎn)物（如不飽和脂肪酸的變質(zhì)和推進(jìn)劑2產(chǎn)生的氯化氫），則最好改變產(chǎn)品的配方而不是改變香料的配制，因?yàn)檫@種雜質(zhì)或分解產(chǎn)物除了對(duì)香料產(chǎn)生作用外，通常還會(huì)有其他不良的影響。 it is required to know the area needed for the transfer of heat at a specified rate, the temperature difference ΔT, and the value of the overall heat transfer coefficient in any design problem in which heating or cooling is involved.若需知道在一指定速率下進(jìn)行傳熱所需的面積時(shí)，就須知道包括加熱或冷卻在內(nèi)的設(shè)計(jì)問(wèn)題中的溫差ΔT及總傳熱系數(shù)值。然后用冰水浴將溫度降至5? 10?，加入500克市售檸檬醛劇烈攪拌，并持續(xù)三、四小時(shí)以使油與溶液充分接觸，同時(shí)盡可能的排除空氣。this outweighs the effect of increased nuclear charge.在周期表中同族從上到下例如鋰、鈉、鉀、銣和銫，由于增加額外電子層的影響，原子的半徑遞減，這個(gè)影響超過(guò)增加核電荷所起的作用。Lesson 3 the zinc reaction in the forward reaction produces a larger negative potential,由于鋅的正向反應(yīng)產(chǎn)生較大的負(fù)電勢(shì)， applications in which one metal is sacrificed to protect another are the attaching of sacrificial blocks of magnesium to underground steel pipelines and the hulls of ships to prevent the rusting of iron.犧牲一種金屬以保護(hù)另一種金屬的類(lèi)似應(yīng)用是把一塊作犧牲用的鎂錠同下部的鋼管和船體連接起來(lái)以防止鐵的生銹。 a frameworkmodel of ethane is inspected,it is apparent that there are an infinite number of orientationgs which the two CH3 groups can take with respect to each other.如果我們觀察一下乙烷的骨架模型，就不難看出兩個(gè)甲基的相對(duì)定向的數(shù)量是無(wú)線的。 of this type provide useful intermediates in synthesis sequences and the reader who takes itme out at this point to consider the ramifications that are possible with various binations o faldehydes, ketones, and carbon nucleophiles is ready to play the game of “paper synthesis”.這種類(lèi)型的反應(yīng)提供了合成程序中的有用的中間體，讀者在這方面只要花些時(shí)間考慮醛、酮和親核試劑的各種可能的化合所出現(xiàn)的結(jié)果，就易于玩一場(chǎng)“紙上合成”的游戲。 reaction of an acid chloride with an amine is used mercially in the manufacture of the very important range of semisynthetic penicillins, first produced by The Beecham Group in 1959.酰氯與胺的反應(yīng)在商業(yè)上用來(lái)制造具有重要地位的半合成青霉素，它首先由貝克曼小組于1959年制備。施陶丁格博士( Staudinger)