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表示目的、原因、結(jié)果、條件等,其邏輯主語就是句子的主語。5. 賓語補足語: eg: He wants you to be his assistant. I saw her cross the street.[注1] 如果謂語動詞為感官動詞或使役動詞,則作賓補的不定式不可帶to,這些動詞有see, hear, feel, watch, notice。 常用于下列結(jié)構(gòu)中:(1)It is/was +adj.+(of sb.) to do…(如 good/ kind/ nice/ clever/ foolish/ selfish…)(2)It is +adj.+(for sb.)+to do…(如easy / difficult / hard / / unwise / possible/ necessary…)(3)It is +a/an +名詞+ to do...(如a pity/ a shame / a pleasure /one’s duty / an honor …) (4)It takes (sb.) some time / courage / patience …to do…(5)It requires courage / patience / hard work… to do…2. 不定式做表語:不定式作表語常表示將來的動作或狀態(tài)。. When I went to his home, he happened to be traveling around the world.3. 不定式的完成式:如果不定式所表示的動作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生在謂語動詞所表示動作或狀態(tài)之前,就用完成式;若是在此基礎上的被動含義,就用完成被動式( to have been done).. He is said to have written a novel about the Long March.He is said to have been taught French when he was a child.4. 不定式的完成進行式:如果不定式的動作是在謂語所表示的時間之前一直在進行或有可能繼續(xù)進行的動作,就要用完成進行式.eg: We’re happy to have been working with the experts all the month.二、不定式的用法:1. 不定式做主語:不定式做主語一般表示具體的某次動作。它們不受主語人稱和數(shù)的限制,在句子中不能充當謂語,但可以充當句子的其他成分,并且有時態(tài)和語態(tài)的變化。 形式對比項目動詞不定式(to do)動名詞(doing)現(xiàn)在分詞(doing)過去分詞(done)意義相當于名詞、形容詞、副詞,往往有將來意味相當于名詞,指經(jīng)常性、習慣性的動作相當于形容詞、副詞,往往有現(xiàn)在意味相當于形容詞、副詞,本身兼有被動、完成意義充當句子成分主語、賓語、表語、賓補、定語、狀語主語、賓語、表語、定語表語、賓補、定語、狀語表語、賓補、定語、狀語形式主動一般式 to do doingdoingdone被動式 to be done being donebeing done無主動完成式 to have done having donehaving done無被動完成式to have been done having been donehaving been done無否定式在上述各種非謂語動詞形式之前直接加not 動詞不定式定義:動詞不定式是非謂語動詞的一種,它沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化,在句子中不能獨立作謂語,但它仍保持動詞的特點,可以有自己的賓語和狀語。而動名詞doing 表示習慣的,經(jīng)常的動作。3. 動詞不定式作賓語:ask, agree, care, choose, demand, decide, expect, fail, help, hope, learn, manage, offer, plan, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, want, wish等只能用動詞不定式作賓語*注意:1某些及物動詞可用ing也可用動詞不定式作賓語但意義不同stop/ go on/ remember/ forget/ regret/ try/ mean…2某些及物動詞think, believe, consider, feel, find, make等后常用it作形式賓語 4.動詞不定式做定語:當不定式的邏輯主語是句子的主語時,要用主動表被動。 have, make, let等。 . To learn a foreign language well, you must try your best.(主語一致) I rushed to the airport, only to find that John had gone.7. 同位語: . Is this your purpose, to avoid being punished?