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desk集體名詞—— 表示若干個(gè)體組成的集合體,如:class , family 物質(zhì)名詞—— 表示無(wú)法分為個(gè)體的物質(zhì)名稱(chēng),如:water , rice , sand,hair抽象名詞—— 表示情感,狀態(tài),品質(zhì)等抽象名稱(chēng),如:love ,carelessness二、名詞的數(shù)名詞分為可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞個(gè)體名詞和集體名詞多數(shù)可以用數(shù)目來(lái)計(jì)算,稱(chēng)為可數(shù)名詞,有單、復(fù)數(shù)形式;物質(zhì)名詞和抽象名詞通常無(wú)法用數(shù)目計(jì)算,稱(chēng)為不可數(shù)名詞,一般只有一種形式。專(zhuān)有名詞:特定的人、地方、機(jī)構(gòu)等專(zhuān)有的名稱(chēng)。第一個(gè)字母通常要大寫(xiě)。注 意:① 集體名詞被看作一個(gè)整體時(shí),表達(dá)單數(shù)概念。③ 集體名詞表達(dá)多個(gè)集體時(shí),也有復(fù)數(shù)形式。 數(shù)詞 +量詞 +of + 名詞 對(duì)可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量提問(wèn)用how many 對(duì)不可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量提問(wèn)用 how much不可數(shù)名詞的量有以下兩種表示方法:①some, much ,a little ,a lot of②用單位詞表示(如a ... of )★如果表達(dá)兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的概念時(shí),量詞需要用復(fù)數(shù)形式,不可數(shù)名詞不變。 fish作為魚(yú)肉時(shí)是不可數(shù)名詞,沒(méi)有復(fù)數(shù)。s own第二章 冠詞一、相互關(guān)系流程圖二、冠詞的用法(一)、不定冠詞a,an的用法不定冠詞a,an用在單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前面,泛指一類(lèi)人或物中的任何一個(gè)。 The man with a flower in his hand is Jack. 。 Spring is the best season in a year. 。. I am a student. They are cleaning the classroom.②賓格可以用來(lái)表示動(dòng)作行為的對(duì)象,一般用在動(dòng)詞和介詞后面。指“某人的”. —Is that your bike? —No. Mine is blue. 不定代詞:沒(méi)有明確指定代替某個(gè)(些)人或物的詞叫不定代詞。. —Would you like some coffee? —Yes, please. (邀請(qǐng)) —Mum, can I have some peaches? —Sure.(希望對(duì)方給予肯定回答)(2)both和all① both表示“兩個(gè)都……”,只指代或修飾可數(shù)名詞。. I’ll buy a present for each of her parents. 我要為她的父母每人買(mǎi)一件禮物。what問(wèn)什么—What’s your name? —My name is Tom. What colour問(wèn)顏色—What colour is your coat? —It’s red. what day問(wèn)星期—What day is it today? —It’s Monday.what date問(wèn)日期—What date is it today? —It’s the first of June.what shape問(wèn)形狀—What shape is the moon? —It’s round.what…job問(wèn)工作—What’s your father’s job? —He’s a bus driver.what time問(wèn)時(shí)間—What time is it? —It’s ten o’clock.when問(wèn)時(shí)候—When is your birthday? —It’s on the first of May.which問(wèn)哪個(gè)—Which is your watch, this one or that one? —That one.where問(wèn)地點(diǎn)—Where is my pen? —It’s on the floor.who問(wèn)誰(shuí)—Who is the boy with big eyes? —He’s Liu Tao.whose問(wèn)誰(shuí)的—Whose bag is this? —It’s Helen’s.why問(wèn)原因—Why are you absent today? —I’m ill.how問(wèn)方式—How do you go to school? —By bus.how many問(wèn)數(shù)量—How many books are there? —There are five.how much問(wèn)價(jià)錢(qián)—How much is it? —Twenty yuan.how old問(wèn)年齡—How old are you? —I’m twelve.how far問(wèn)距離—How far is it from here? —It’s about one kilometer.how about問(wèn)情況—I’m thirsty. How about you? —Me, too.指示代詞(1) this(這個(gè))、these(這些)表示在時(shí)間上或空間上較近的人或物。一、形容詞和副詞的原級(jí)、比較級(jí)、最高級(jí)二、比較級(jí)的用法 5. 三個(gè)或三個(gè)以上的人或物進(jìn)行比較,用形容詞最高級(jí)。. dance beautifully,listen carefully,sit quietly,speak loudly,very happy副詞的比較級(jí)變化規(guī)則與形容詞比較級(jí)基本相同,以ly結(jié)尾的副詞一般用more。四、比較級(jí)的公式A+連系動(dòng)詞+形容詞的比較級(jí)+than+BA+連系動(dòng)詞+形容詞的比較級(jí)+than+any other+名詞單數(shù)+of/inNo other +名詞單數(shù)+of/in... +連系動(dòng)詞+形容詞的比較級(jí)+than+BA+連系動(dòng)詞+數(shù)字+單位+形容詞的比較級(jí)+than+BThere be +形容詞的比較級(jí)+名詞+A地+than+B地Who/Which+行為動(dòng)詞+副詞的比較級(jí),A or B?A+行為動(dòng)詞+副詞的比較級(jí)+than+BA+程度副詞(如:very,rather)+形容詞的比較級(jí)+than+B234。方位介詞in,on,at,under,to,behind,beside,near,beforein front of,next to,between時(shí)間介詞in,on,at,after,before,from...to...,past,between其他of,by,with,into,out of,for一、常用介詞的用法in① 在……里面。如:in the morning,in the afternoon,in the evening⑤ 在年、月、季節(jié)前。in 用于大地點(diǎn)(國(guó)家、城鎮(zhèn)、街道、幾零幾室)on①在……上面。如:on foot(步行),on duty(值日),put on(穿上),get on(上車(chē))turn on(打開(kāi)),on the right / left(在右邊/左邊),on the wall (在墻上),on Zhongshan Road(在中山路上)注 意:樹(shù)上長(zhǎng)的水果用on the tree;不是樹(shù)上長(zhǎng)的外來(lái)物用in the tree。如:at Spring Festival,at MidAutumn Festival,at Christmas③在較小的地點(diǎn)。at用于門(mén)牌號(hào)碼(幾號(hào))under 在……下面 如:There is a cat under the table.behind 在……后面 如:There is an umbrella behind the door.near 靠近…… 如:There is a park near my house.beside 在……旁邊 如:The students are standing beside the teacher.next to 緊靠……旁邊 如:The teachers’ office is next to our classroom.before (時(shí)間上)在……之前 如: before class(上課前)after (時(shí)間上)在……之后;依照固定搭配: after class(課后),after school(放學(xué)后),look after(照看),run after(追趕),read after me(跟我讀)1between 在兩者之間 如:There are some trees between Building A and Building B.1by ①乘某種交通工具 如:by bus,by plane,by the way(順便說(shuō)一下)②不遲于,在(某時(shí))前 如:He will e by six o39。如:Who’s the boy with big eyes?③help... with... 在某方面幫助某人 如: Can you help me with my English?④play with... 和……一起 玩;拿……玩 如:play with me,play with a yoyo1in front of 在……前面 如:There is a tree in front of the classroom.in the front of 在……前部