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s our English teacher. (4) The man our headmaster talked to just now is our English teacher. 第4句簡潔、自然,所以口語中用得最多。(先行詞為代詞he, they, any, all, one等時,多用who) I met Alice, who told me that she was learning Chinese. 我遇見艾麗斯,她告訴我她在學(xué)漢語。) Taiwan is, as you know, is an inseparable part of China. 你知道,臺灣是中國不可分割的一部分。(第一個as是副詞,修飾many的;第二個as才是關(guān)系代詞,代替先行詞books,在定語從句中作賓語) I have got such a puter as yours. 我有一臺你這樣的電腦。(why先行詞是reason,why可以用that替代,還可以省略) 注意:如果上面的句子將the reason省略,那么這個句子就變成了(This is why he came late to school. )表語從句,句子意思絲毫未變。試比較下句: This is the place that Li Bai once visited. 這是李白曾經(jīng)游覽過的地方。(when先行詞是year,同樣when可以用that代替) (二)關(guān)系副詞where的用法 關(guān)系副詞where代替的先行詞表示的是地點(diǎn),where在定語從句作地點(diǎn)狀語。例如: Is she the girl that sells newspapers? 她是賣報紙的那個女孩嗎?(that可以換成who) Where is the icecream that was in the fridge? 放在冰箱的冰激凌哪兒去了?(that可以換成which) Is this the book that you want to buy? 這是你要買的那本書嗎? (that可以換成which,在定語從句作賓語,還可以省略) 三、關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句 常用的關(guān)系副詞只有三個:when, where, why,在定語從句中充當(dāng)時間、地點(diǎn)和原因狀語。) (二)關(guān)系代詞which的用法 which代替物,在定語從句作主語或賓語,作賓語時還可省略。(在非正式英語中,主格who代替了賓格whom,亦可省略) whose一般代替人,有時亦可代替物,是所有格,在定語從句作定語。 Anyone who wants to apply for this job must send us the resume by first. 想應(yīng)聘這個職位的任何人都必須先通過電子郵件向我們發(fā)送簡歷。常見的關(guān)系代詞有:who, that, which。另外,定語從句是由關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的,故又稱作關(guān)系從句。初中英語語法——三大從句匯總在英語中,主要有三大從句,即名詞性從句(包括主語從句,賓語從句,表語從句,同位語從句)、形容詞性從句(即定語從句)、副詞性從句(即狀語從句,包括時間、條件、結(jié)果、目的、原因、讓步、地點(diǎn)、方式等)。 定語從句一般放在它所修飾的名詞或代詞之后,這種名詞或代詞被稱作先行詞。它們的主格、賓格和所有格如下表所示: 先行詞 主格 賓格 所有格 人 who whom whose 物 which which whose of which 人、物 that that — (一)關(guān)系代詞who, whom和 whose的用法 who代替人,是主格,在定語從句中作主語。 whom代替人,是賓格,在定語從句作賓語,在非正式英語??墒÷浴@纾?The girl student whose father is a senior engineer used to study abroad. 其父是一位高級工程師的那個女學(xué)生過去在國外留學(xué)。例如: I do not like stories which have unhappy endings. 我不喜歡有不幸結(jié)局的小說。它們的用法大家不妨記住一個口訣: the time when the place where the reason why (一)關(guān)系副詞when的用法 關(guān)系副詞when代替的先行詞表示的是時間,when在定語從句作時間狀語。例如: During the Spring Festival I went back to the town where I was brought up. 春節(jié)期間,我回到了生我養(yǎng)我的家鄉(xiāng)。(that的先行詞同樣是place,但這個that是關(guān)系代詞,在定語從句中作賓語,可以省略,還可以用which替換) (三)關(guān)系副詞why的用法 關(guān)系副詞why代替的先行詞表示的是原因,why在定語從句作原因狀語。 四、特殊關(guān)系代詞as引導(dǎo)的定語從句 as是個比較特殊的關(guān)系代詞,一是用在某些句型搭配里,二是獨(dú)立于主句之外。(as是關(guān)系代詞,代替先行詞puter,在定語從句中作表語,因為yours后省略了is ) I have never seen so beautiful a place as Guilin. 我從未見過像桂林那樣美麗的地方。(關(guān)系代詞as指代整個主句,在定語從句中作賓語。(在非限制性定語從句中,用who) 2. 當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞用作介詞后的賓語時,用賓格whom,不用that。 3. 當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞泛指人時,多用that。例如: All that glitters is not gold. 閃閃發(fā)光物,未必盡黃金。 He is the only person that has been invited to the ball. 他是惟一應(yīng)邀參加舞會的人。 5. 介詞后的關(guān)系代詞用which,而不用that。例如: There was a girl upstairs who was shouting and crying, obviously mad. 樓上有一個女孩,大喊大叫。它是用一個句子做另一個句子的賓語,將這個句子叫做賓語從句?! ∫唬龑?dǎo)詞 l在think,believe, suppose, expect等動詞引起的賓語從句中,有時謂語盡管是否定意義,卻不用否定形式,而將think 等動詞變?yōu)榉穸ㄐ问?。 例:We think it wrong that he told a lie to everyone (我認(rèn)為他向每一個人撒謊是錯誤的) The teacher asked if/whether we had finished the experiment. 例:Everything depends on whether we have enough money。連接代詞who,whom,whose, what, which,和連接副詞when, where, why, how 等連接的賓語從句,它們在句中即有連接從句的作用,又在句中充當(dāng)句子的成分?! ≠e語從句的時態(tài)受主句的限制, He told me that Japan is an island country. 例:She said: “I have been to England before.” She asked me: “Do you like maths?” u賓語從句與簡單句的交換?! ±篒 don’t know what I should do next. He didn’t know where he would live. DO SOME EXERCISES: A. what he’s reading B. what is he reading Jack e from Japan? Do you know?(合并成一個句子) did your son say in the letter? visit B. has visited didn’t know__________ C. what was the matter D. what the matter was were they B. who they were want to know_____ C. that his name is D. what his name is Her cousin,susan. are you searching the Internet for? is the difference between SARS and BIRDFLU to protect our environment you know___________?(誰正在唱歌) you know___________?(昨天發(fā)生了什么事) 9 who is singing 11 what happened yesterdayC、同位語從句(一) 概念 一般來說,在主從復(fù)合句中,用作同位語的從句叫同位語從句。 Where did you get the idea that I could not e?你從哪兒聽說我不能來? 有時同位語從句可以不緊跟在被說明的名詞后面,而被別的詞隔開。③ 連接代詞who, what等可以