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初中英語語法——三大從句匯總-全文預(yù)覽

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【正文】 he book said was right.III. 把下列句子翻譯成英語。③ 可否省略:that在引導(dǎo)同位語從句時,通常不可省略。試比較:1. The news that our team has won the final match is encouraging. 2. The news that you told us is really encouraging.[分析] 句1中that引導(dǎo)同位語從句,說明“news”的內(nèi)容:我們隊取得了決賽勝利。 (二)引導(dǎo)詞[尋規(guī)找矩] 請仔細(xì)觀察下列句子,注意從句引導(dǎo)詞的用法??梢愿徽Z從句的名詞通常有:advice, decision, fact, hope, idea, information, message, news, promise, proposal, reply, report, suggestion, word(消息),problem, question, doubt, thought等?! ?0 who she is talking with  The keys: 1 if ,. 4 C. 5 D. 6 D. 7 C. 8 B   you know___________?(她正在和誰談話)   is our Chinese team be able to beat Korea   many persons have died in Iraq  I’m trying to find out____.   C .who    you tell me ___she is looking for?   is his name B. what’s his name  C. who was it D. who it was   called you just now,but I didn’t know____  ’s the matter the matter is  C. is going to visit D. would visit  _He told me that he___ the Disney would the next day  Do you know_____Jack _____from Japan?  C. what does he read D. he reads what   you see________?  He didn’t know where to live.  I con’t know what to do next.  She asked me if I liked maths.  She said that she had been to England before.  lCould you tell me…是用來征詢對方的意見,語氣委婉,并不表示過去。  例:The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.如果從句的動作發(fā)生在主句之前,則從句要用過去完成時態(tài)?! 〖龋褐骶涫且话悻F(xiàn)在時態(tài),從句根據(jù)實際情況而定?! 在介詞后面的賓語從句中不用if引導(dǎo)  例:I don’t know if/whether he will e tomorrow.  B:由連詞if、 whether 引導(dǎo)的表示“是否…”的賓語從句?! ±篒 told him that he was wrong.  A:由that 引導(dǎo)的陳述句性的賓語從句,在很多動詞如say, think, wish , hope, see, believe, agree, expect, hear , feel等動詞后?,F(xiàn)在從下列三個方面總結(jié)歸納如下:(定語從句who was shouting and crying修飾the girl,被upstairs所隔開) A new master will e tomorrow who will teach you German. 明天要來一位新老師教你們德語了。 六、定語從句的位置 如前所述,定語從句一般總是直接置于所修飾的名詞或代詞之后。例如: Which was the hotel that was remended to the foreign guest? 哪一個是推薦給外賓的賓館?(這里使用that很明顯是為了避免重復(fù)which) 4. 在非限制性定語從句中,關(guān)系代詞一般只用which。 2. 當(dāng)先行詞的前面有形容詞最高級、序數(shù)詞或限定詞the only, the very, all, every, any, no等時,關(guān)系代詞一般都用that。(that用來泛指人) 4. 當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞出現(xiàn)在who開頭的疑問句時,應(yīng)用that。(介詞與關(guān)系代詞緊密相連時,只能用賓格whom,不可用主格who) 注意:介詞與關(guān)系代詞不是緊密相連時,或者說介詞放在句子后面時,這時可以用主格who,也可用that,還可以省略關(guān)系代詞。例如: He who loses hope loses all. 失去希望的人就失去一切。 As is known to us, (As we know和 As is known to us均為定語從句,as分別作賓語和主語,替代后面的主句。 (一)在固定搭配as…as, so…as, such…as, the same…as中,as引導(dǎo)定語從句 You may take as many books as you want. 你想要拿多少書就拿多少。(why先行詞是reason, 當(dāng)代英語里why可以用that替代,這時關(guān)系代詞that就變成了表示原因的關(guān)系副詞,還可以將why省略) This is the reason why he came late to school. 這就是他為什么上學(xué)遲到的原因。(where先行詞是place) 上面這個句子不可以將where改為that,因為that不能作為表示地點的關(guān)系副詞。(when先行詞是months) Do you remember the day when we first went to the Summer Palace? 你還記得我們第一次去頤和園的那一天嗎?(when先行詞是day, 當(dāng)代英語里when可以用that替代,這時關(guān)系代詞that就變成了表示時間的關(guān)系副詞) I haven’t seen her since the year when I left Tokyo. 自從我離開東京的那一年我就一直沒見到過她。(which可以換成that) (三)關(guān)系代詞that的用法 that既可指人又可指物,在當(dāng)代英語中大多指物,在定語從句作主語或賓語,作賓語時還可省略。whose window=the window of which,意思是:the window of the hotel。 The girl who I saw is called Mary. 我見到的那個女孩名叫瑪麗。 I will never forget the teacher who taught us chemistry in the first year of my senior middle school. 我將永遠(yuǎn)不會忘記在高一時教我們化學(xué)的那位老師。 二、關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句 關(guān)系代詞代替前面的先行詞,并且在定語從句中充當(dāng)句子成分,可以作主語、賓語、定語等。定語一般是由形容詞充當(dāng),所以定語從句又稱作形容詞從句。以下是一些基本的從句的語法知識點A、定語從句專項講解與訓(xùn)練 一、定語從句概念 定語從句(attributive clause),顧名思義,就是一個句子作定語從屬于主句。請看示例: The woman who lives next door is a teacher. 先行詞 定語從句 在所有的從句中,算定語從句最難掌握,因為漢語里沒有定語從句,漢語里只有定語,而且總是放在名詞之前來修飾名詞。例如: An architect is a person who designs buildings. 建筑師是設(shè)計房屋的人。例如: Do you know the gentleman whom we met in the school library yesterday? 昨天我們在學(xué)校圖書館里遇到的那位先生你認(rèn)識嗎? This is the student whom my father taught ten years ago. 這是我爸爸十年前教的學(xué)生。 Do you know the name of the hotel whose window we can see here? 我們這兒能看到窗戶的那個賓館叫什么名字,你知道嗎?(關(guān)系代詞whose指代先行詞hotel,正式用法應(yīng)該用of which。(which可以換成that) Tom works for a factory which makes watches. 湯姆在一個制表廠工作。例如: In Beijing July and August are the months when it rains very often. 北京的七月和八月是常下雨的月份。(where的先行詞是town) This is the place where Li Bai once lived. 這是李白曾經(jīng)生活過
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