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phic explosion (supernova), may have triggered the collapse of this huge cloud of gases and minute grains of heavier elements, causing the cloud to begin to slowly contract due to the gravitational interactions among its particles. 2 Steady overseas demand for colonial products created a prosperity that enabled colonists to consume everlarger amounts not only of clothing but of dishware, home furnishings, tea, and a range of other items both produced in Britain and imported by British and colonial merchants from elsewhere. 2 Such materials as iron and nickel and the elements of which the rockforming minerals are posed—silicon, calcium, sodium, and so forth—formed metallic and rocky clumps that orbited the Sun. 2 This act was intended less to raise revenue than to serve as a protective tariff (tax) that would benefit British West Indian sugar producers at the expense of their French rivals. Parliament used British tax money to pay modest incentives to Americans producing such items as silk, iron, dyes, hemp, and lumber, which Britain would otherwise have had to import from other countries, and it raised the price of mercial rivals’ imports by imposing protective tariffs on them. 3 The concept of chromatic adaptation was proposed in 1883。 and the hypothesis was accepted for about 100 years, until it was realized that such zonation did not necessarily occur and that the distribution of seaweeds depended more on herbivory (the consumption of plant material), petition, varying concentration of the specialized pigments, and the ability of seaweeds to alter their forms of growth. 3 First, demand for news increased as Europe’s mercial and political interests spread around the globe—merchants in London, Liverpool, or Glasgow, for example, came to depend on early news of Caribbean harvests and gains and losses in colonial wars. 3 Industries with high concentrations of employment in urban areas, where a worker’s change of employer does not necessarily require investing in a change of residence, appear to have higher rates of job turnover than industries concentrated in nonmetropolitan areas do. 3 Some researchers, for example, have argued that a particular kind of pottery, called Ramey incised (which is incised with figures of eyes, fish, arrows, and abstract objects and was used by the people in the area of presentday Missouri and Illinois at about 900), was primarily used to distribute food but was also used to municate the idea that the society’s elite, for whom the pots were made, were mediators of cosmic forces. 3 There are several limiting factors, but results from a recent experiment s