【正文】 以來(lái)一直傳在巴黎。如：① Since the World Cup began, all of the winning teams have been from Europe or South America.② It is many weeks (=It has been many weeks) since we last met.ii. 如果since從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，若從句用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，則表示所指狀態(tài)結(jié)束以來(lái)；若從句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，則表示所指狀態(tài)開(kāi)始以來(lái)。另外， 注意，before long表示“不久／一會(huì)兒之后”，如：① He hesitated long before he chose a proper answer.② It was a long time before I got to sleep again.③ It won39。s a queue? Go to the end and wait your turn.（2）before從句在主句后面時(shí)，可解釋為“就；才”。問(wèn)題三：after和before的用法須注意什么？1．a(chǎn)fter從句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句動(dòng)作之前，故若主句的動(dòng)詞是過(guò)去時(shí)，從句通常用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，也可用過(guò)去時(shí)；而before從句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句動(dòng)作之后，故若從句的動(dòng)詞是過(guò)去時(shí)，主句通常用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，也可用過(guò)去時(shí)。如：① He was walking along the street when he ran into an old friend.他正在街上走，突然遇封一位老朋友。如：Some people waste food while others haven39。如：When she es, I shall tell her to wait for you.4．a(chǎn)s強(qiáng)調(diào)伴隨，常指兩個(gè)動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生。第三部分 狀語(yǔ)從句一、知識(shí)點(diǎn)撥（一）時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句 (Adverbial Clause of Time)問(wèn)題一：引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的連接詞哪些？引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的常用連接詞有：while, when. whenever, before, after, since, till, untill, once, as, as soon as, no sooner ... than, hardly / scarcely / barely ... when, the moment, the minute, the second, the instant, every time, each time, next time, the first time, the last time, by the time, directly, immediately, instantly等。如：As she entered, she responded pleasantly to the interviewer39。t enough.7．當(dāng)主句是過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)、過(guò)去完成時(shí)，或was/were about to do o sth等結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，從句用when引導(dǎo)，且只能置于主句后面。② I had read only a few lines when I heard the bell ringing.我只讀了幾行字，這時(shí)我聽(tīng)到鈴聲響了。如：① He bought a house after he sold/had sold his car.② Before she went to the interview, she made / had made two journeys.2．before在運(yùn)用中還須注意：（1）before與can連用時(shí)，可解釋為“還來(lái)不及…”?！癐t is + 時(shí)間段 + before ...”的句型。t be long before you are of age.④ It looks as though it will snow before long.（3）before有時(shí)可解釋為“然后”。如：He has visited me frequently since I was ill. 自從我病愈以來(lái)，他經(jīng)常來(lái)看我。問(wèn)題五：till和until的用法須注意什么？till和until在引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)通?？梢曰Q。s next step was to search the newspaper until she found a suitable vacancy and write a letter of application.② Until I read about the writer I knew little about his novels.2．從句中用一般時(shí)或完成時(shí)，主句卻用一般時(shí)或?qū)?lái)時(shí)。如： Until when are you staying? Until next Friday.5．Not until位于句首時(shí)，主句的主謂結(jié)構(gòu)須用（部分）倒裝語(yǔ)序，如：Not until the war ended did they meet again.6．... not ... until ...的強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)是“It is not until ... that ...”，注意強(qiáng)調(diào)句中勿倒裝。須注意的是：(l) 通常主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。如：Directly he threw the letter into the letter oox, he remembered not having put on a stamp.問(wèn)題七：once如何引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句？once引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)表示“一旦 ...，（就 ...)”。如：① Each time I went to a formal dinner, I dressed up careful]y.② While reading, don39。如：① I won39。2．其它連接詞as long as, so long ason condition that（只要）suppose/supposing (that)，provided/providing (that)（假如）only if（只要）in case（如果，萬(wàn)一）g]ven (the fact) that（倘若考慮到）如：① Short hair styles make the face look longer, especially if there are curls on the top.② Life conrinues unless the damage done to the body is too severe.③ There is hope as long as life continues.④ I39。如：If only thousands of innocent people had not been killed in the war.問(wèn)題三：條件狀語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)須注意什么？條件狀語(yǔ)從句若表示將來(lái)的動(dòng)作，從句中通常不使用將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)，而使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)，如：① If you step into the lobby of the new Shanghai Grand Theater, a huge and unusual crystal chandelier will immediately catch your eye.② Goods will not be delivered unless they are paid for in advance.（四）原因狀語(yǔ)從句(Adverbial Clause of Cause/Reason)問(wèn)題一：because, since, as和for的用法有何區(qū)別？常用的表示原因的連接詞的區(qū)別見(jiàn)下表，按照語(yǔ)氣由強(qiáng)到弱的順序排列。3．在詞性上，because，since，as都是從屬連詞，引導(dǎo)從句；而for是并列連詞，連接并列分句，故for不能置句首.4． because等詞引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，主句前不可以再使用so。如： Why aren39。如：They think they are so superior just because they make more money than I do.4． 與否定詞not連用，有時(shí)構(gòu)成并列的because分句，如：① She said that to fort him, not because she believed it.② I enrolled in the tutorial centre, because I had to, not because I wanted to.③ He went to bed early today, not because he was tired, but because he had nothing to do.問(wèn)題三：其他引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句的連接詞有哪些？1．now that通常置句首，表示“既然”，相當(dāng)于since，但now that具有時(shí)間概念，所引導(dǎo)的從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞多為現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)，如：Now that you have e, you may as well stay.2．considering (that)表示“考慮到”；seeing (that)表示“既然”。如：① Men differ from brutes in that they can think and speak.② I like the city, but l like the country better in that I have more friends in the country.（五）結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句和目的狀語(yǔ)從句(Adverbial Clause of Result amp。問(wèn)題二：so ... that和such ... that引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句有何區(qū)別？1．so為副詞，修飾形容詞或副詞；such為形容詞，修飾名詞。如：① He has so few friends that he is often lonely.② There is so much water in the Atlantic that it is hard to imagine how much there is.4．須注意的是，當(dāng)little不是解釋為“少”，而是解釋為“小”時(shí)，只能用such，不能用so。如：① He devoted such great care to his mother that she might recover quickly.② She looked down so that he should not see her eyes.2．lest, in case和for fear (that) 表示“以防”，也可以引導(dǎo)目的狀語(yǔ)從句，但從句中通常用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。如：① Speak clearly so that they may understand you. (目的狀語(yǔ)從句）② He got on the train late so that he found all the seats occupied.（結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句）（六）比較狀語(yǔ)從句(Adverbial Clause of Comparison)問(wèn)題一：引導(dǎo)比較狀語(yǔ)從句的連接詞有哪些？1．引導(dǎo)比較狀語(yǔ)從句的常用連接詞有也than, as ... as, not so / as ... as。如：① He is taller than I (am) / me.② She likes pop as much as he (does) / him.2．“The + 比較級(jí) ...，the比較級(jí) ...”結(jié)構(gòu)也可引導(dǎo)比較狀語(yǔ)從句，如：① The more a man learns, the more he sees his ignorance.② The higher the tree is, the stronger the wind is.問(wèn)題二：表示相同程度的比較有哪些常用結(jié)構(gòu)？1．a(chǎn)s + 原級(jí) + as；2．the same (+ 表示量度的名詞) + as。問(wèn)題六：哪些詞可以修飾表示比較的形容詞或副詞？1．可修飾比較級(jí)的詞有rather, much, many, still, even, far, some, any, a bit, a little, a lot, a great deal, 以及表倍數(shù)的詞或度量名詞等。如：We have many more books than they and they have much more money than we.2．可修飾最高級(jí)的詞有almost / nearly, much, very, by far, the next, the + 序數(shù)詞等。如：① The television here is much better than the one over there.② The weather in London proves more changeable than that in Paris.③ The grammar and vocabulary of French are more difficult to Chinese students than those of English.問(wèn)題九：比較狀語(yǔ)從句中須注意哪些問(wèn)題？1．要避免形容詞或副詞比較級(jí)的重復(fù)使用。如：① I haven39。如：① As it was getting hotter and hotter, he became thirstier and thirstier.② She felt more