二、動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)態(tài)-wenkub
2022-10-10 15:52:18 本頁(yè)面
【正文】 完成時(shí)態(tài) to have been written having been written 16 ? A） 不定式的被動(dòng)態(tài) ? 當(dāng)不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)，這個(gè)不定式要用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。 ? The middle house will not be let. 中間的房子不會(huì)出租。 14 ? 以上這些句子一般都不能轉(zhuǎn)換為被動(dòng)句，如果變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句，句子的意義就改變了。 ? This paper tears easily. 這種紙幣一撕就破。 ? The window won’t shut. 這窗關(guān)不上。 ? This poem reds well. 這首詩(shī)讀來(lái)順口。 ? The cow milks well. 這頭母牛出奶率高。 ? Damp clothes iron easily. 濕衣容易燙平。 ? Damp wood will not fire. 潮濕的木頭燒不著。 ? Nylon dries quickly. 尼龍織物干得快。 ? Enamel wares clean easily. 搪瓷器皿容易弄干凈。這類結(jié)構(gòu)是早期英語(yǔ)遺留下來(lái)的用法， 常見(jiàn)于日常用語(yǔ)以及某些行業(yè)的專門術(shù)語(yǔ)中 ), eg: 10 ? The house is building. ? The book is printing. ? The dinner is cooking. ? Verbs used in this way can also be made passive. pare: ? The house is being built. ? The book is being printed. ? The dinner is being cooked. ? The second type occurring frequently in the simple present is only found when the subject is represented as having certain inherent qualities which promote, hamper, 11 ? or prevent the realization of the idea expressed by the predicate verb, eg: ? Browning’s plays won’t act. 布朗寧戲劇不宜上演。 ? You are cordially invited to a party to be given at the Teachers’s Club at 3 . Nov. 23. 謹(jǐn)定于 11月 23日下午 3時(shí)在教師俱樂(lè)部舉行晚會(huì)，敬請(qǐng)光臨。 4 ? The song was posed by a student. 這首歌曲是一個(gè)學(xué)生譜寫的。1 二、動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)態(tài) ? As has been pointed out, a sentence/ clause whose predicator(predicate verb) is active is called an “active sentence”, and a sentence/ clause whose predicator (predicate verb) is passive is called a “passive sentence”. The subject in the active sentence is the agent or doer of an action, and in the passive the recipient of the action. ? 各個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)形式大致可歸納如下： 2 一般時(shí)態(tài) 進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài) 完成時(shí)態(tài) 現(xiàn) 在 am is given are am is being given are has been given have 過(guò) 去 was given were was being given were had been given 將 來(lái) shall be given will X X X (shall have been given) ( will 過(guò)去將來(lái) should be given would X X X (should have been given) ( would 3 1) 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)主要在下面幾種情況下用 ： ? a 我們不知道或沒(méi)有必要說(shuō)明動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者是誰(shuí)(這時(shí)都不帶由 by引起的短語(yǔ) )： ? Such books are written for children. 這種書(shū)是為兒童寫的。 ? The lathe was designed by ourselves. 這個(gè)車床是我們自己設(shè)計(jì)的。 （ｅｎｄ） 5 2)passive voice of phrasal verbs:when used transitively, phrasal verbs can be made passive. ? A) passive voice of basic phrasal verbs ? Phrasal verbs have three basic forms: “verb + preposition”, “verb + adverb ” and “verb + adverb + preposition”. ? In the transformation from the active into the passive, these forms are mostly treated as single word verbs, and both the adverb and the preposition should remain immediately after the verb. 6 ? a)
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