第二講信息組織方法論-wenkub
2022-10-09 13:53:05 本頁(yè)面
【正文】 ntific and Technical Information (COSATI) published the first set of guidelines for thesaurus construction ? 1970 – Unesco Guidelines for the Establishment and Development f Monolingual Scientific and Technical Thesaurus ? 1974 – ANSI (American National Standards Institute) [a US national standard for thesaurus construction] ? 1974 – the first international standard for thesaurus construction – ISO 2788 采用敘詞表的目的 ? 采用敘詞表能夠促進(jìn)文本標(biāo)引和后控情報(bào)存儲(chǔ)和檢索系統(tǒng)的一致性，并能夠利用規(guī)范詞進(jìn)行搜索 “ Its purposes are to promoted consistency in the indexing of documents, predominantly for postcoordinated information storage and retrieval systems, and to facilitate searching by linking entry terms with descriptors‖ (ANSI , p. 38) ? 采用敘詞的四個(gè)主要目的 Four principal purposes are served by a thesaurus: a) 翻譯 Translation. 把作者、標(biāo)引者和用戶(hù)使用的自然語(yǔ)言翻譯成受控規(guī)范詞匯 To provide a means for translating the natural language of authors, indexers, and users into a controlled vocabulary used for indexing and retrieval. b) 一致性 Consistency. 促進(jìn)標(biāo)引用詞的一致性 To promote consistency in the assignment of index terms. c) 建立關(guān)系 Indication of Relationships. 建立語(yǔ)詞之間的語(yǔ)義聯(lián)系 To indicate semantic relationships among terms. d) 檢索 Retrieval 充當(dāng)文獻(xiàn)檢索的輔助工具 To serve as a searching aid in retrieval of documents. (ANSI , p. 1) 詞匯控制 信息控制和使用詞根的需求來(lái)自于對(duì)自然語(yǔ)言?xún)蓚€(gè)缺點(diǎn)的克服 : 多詞一意 Synonyms – different terms representing the same concept 一詞多義 Polysemes – a word with multiple meanings [in spoken language, polysemes are homonyms。 mouse/mice。 work with them to determine the scope if it is not already set. ? If there is a set of representative alreadyindexed documents, use the index terms from this set as your preliminary term list. ? If not, index a set of representative documents using free language (., no vocabulary control), and take this term set as your preliminary list. ? Build your thesaurus by reviewing and anizing these terms, using a variety of resources as aids, as in the topdown method. ? Refer to your subject experts on terms whose meaning or usage is unclear, and for advice on which variant or synonym to prefer (or on whether two terms really are synonyms in the field). ? Produce a draft thesaurus, test index, and revise. (Source: 如何開(kāi)發(fā)敘詞表 ——自底向上法 建立敘詞表的步驟 ? Collecting terms ? Modifying and inventing terms ? Choosing preferred terms and standardizing the form of words ? Establishing semantic relationships ? Thesaurus arrangement and display ? Testing and revising ? Thesaurus maintenance The American Society of Indexers provides a list of thesaurus management software 。 Bawden, 1997, Section B) 如何開(kāi)發(fā)敘詞表 ——自頂向下方法 ? Convene a group of subject experts to decide on the
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