【正文】 ....................................... 4 miRNA 對(duì)動(dòng)物發(fā)育的調(diào)控作用 .......................................................... 4 miRNA 對(duì)動(dòng)物疾病發(fā)生的影響 .......................................................... 5 miRNA 對(duì)動(dòng)物細(xì)胞增殖和凋亡的影響 .............................................. 5 miRNA 鑒定方法 ............................................................................................ 6 miRNA 對(duì)基因表 達(dá)的影響 ............................................................................ 7 miRNA 對(duì)靶基因表達(dá)的整體調(diào)節(jié)作用 .............................................. 7 miRNA 與靶基因表達(dá)的關(guān)聯(lián)效應(yīng) ...................................................... 7 miRNA 在小鼠不同發(fā)育階段對(duì)靶基因表達(dá)譜影響 .......................... 8 miRNA 對(duì)靶基因表達(dá)調(diào)控的傾向性 .................................................. 8 miRNA 基因進(jìn)化模式 .................................................................................... 8 miRNA 基因簇進(jìn)化 .............................................................................. 9 miRNA 基因家族進(jìn)化 .......................................................................... 9 第二章 miRNA430 基因家族進(jìn)化及功能分析 .................................. 10 miRNA430 的分布與串聯(lián)復(fù)制 ................................................................... 10 miRNA430 的功能和特點(diǎn) ........................................................................... 10 第三章 miRNA430 基因簇分析使用軟件介紹 .................................. 12 miRBase 數(shù)據(jù)庫 ............................................................................................ 12 NCBI .............................................................................................................. 13 BLAST 軟件 .................................................................................................. 14 CLUSTALW 軟件 .......................................................................................... 15 MEGA 軟件 ............................................................................................. 15 第四章 miRNA430 基因分子進(jìn)化研究 .............................................. 17 數(shù)據(jù)與方法 .................................................................................................... 18 數(shù)據(jù) ...................................................................................................... 18 序列對(duì)比分析方法 ................................................................................ 18 已知的 mir430 基因簇的分析 ..................................................................... 18 已知的 mir430 基因簇序列處理 ....................................................... 18 利用 CLUSTALW 軟件對(duì) mir430 基因簇進(jìn)行多序列比對(duì) ............ 19 利用 MEGA 軟件構(gòu)建系統(tǒng)進(jìn)化樹 .............................................. 20 其他 mir430 基因簇的搜索與分析 ............................................................. 23 通過 NCBI 搜索 mir430 基因簇的序列 ........................................... 23 物種序列命名 ...................................................................................... 24 將命名后的基因簇做成 FASTA 文件 ............................................... 25 利用 CLUSTALW 對(duì)物種的 mir430 基因簇進(jìn)行多序列比對(duì) ........ 26 利用 MEGA 軟件 構(gòu)建 mir430 基因簇的系統(tǒng)進(jìn)化樹 ................ 28 討論 ................................................................................................................ 31 第五章 全文總結(jié) .................................................................................. 32 結(jié)束語 ..................................................................................................... 33 參考文獻(xiàn) ................................................................................................. 34 致謝 ......................................................................................................... 35 附錄 ......................................................................................................... 36 南京郵電大學(xué) 2020 屆本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文） 1 第一章 引言 1958 年， DNA 雙螺旋結(jié)構(gòu)的發(fā)現(xiàn)者之一，佛朗西斯 .克里克 [1]提出了分子生物學(xué)的中心法則，即 “ 遺傳信息從 DNA 傳遞給 RNA，再從 RNA 傳遞給蛋白質(zhì)，完成遺傳信息的轉(zhuǎn)錄和翻譯的過程，也可以從 DNA 傳遞給 DNA， 完成 DNA 的復(fù)制過程 ” 。 關(guān)鍵詞 ： MIR4 NCBI、 Blast、 ClustalW、 MEGA ABSTRACT microRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small nonprotein coding sequence encoded by the genome RNA (1924 nt) miRNA target gene transcripts plementary binding, leading to mRNA degradation, translational repression, regulate expression of target genes. miRNA growth, development and other activities of life on plants and animals play a crucial regulatory role. Usually multiple miRNA genes are arranged to form miRNA gene cluster on chromosome gathered, these miRNA gene clusters were conserved in different species, miRNA gene clusters are functionally more efficient than a single miRNA miRNA gene cluster study , is conducive to the understanding of miRNA involved in plex regulatory works. miR430 gene cluster was first found in zebrafish, is the largest known miRNA gene cluster one. miR430 cluster located within an area of about 20kb zebrafish chromosome 4, three miRNAs (miR430a, c and b) the triplet, and use it as the basic unit of replication. miR430 in early embryonic development in the abundance of the highest in the maternal regulation play an important role in the conversion process of joint control by inhibiting the degradation of the maternal gene. Topics using molecular evolution analysis. Main steps: data obtained from the miRBase database, each species precursor of miR430 gene sequence. Precursor sequence of miR430 gene in zebrafish, medaka, red fins puffer species by homology parison method in all animal species to search using BLAST software for the analysis of the similarity parison. Use of CLUSTALW Software progressive multiple sequence alignment. Use MEGA software, the precursor sequence of miR430 members of the miR430 gene cluster phylogeic tree was constructed. The purpose of this project is based on miRNA genes