【正文】 nvironment pollution were k船咖 nil瑪 well 8radually in this peri,xi；鋤 ecological environment qual時 from 2020 to 2020 is prⅨ Ueted． the result shows that benign the development rnoInentum． Finally,aecorcling tO the practicality of ecological rehabilitation,the goal is proposed that realize stabi． ty of the basement 011 Slll39。es we他 proposed to carry on according to the ∞ sourc船 functions ofsmall drainage． That has important application value and reference value inthe course ofprehensive treatmentecological rehabilitation in L∞ ss Plateau． Thirdly,011 the basis ofprehensiveanalysis ofmain factors which affact slope surface、 Page 6 AI 硎 ract eharmel soil erosion and the form of soil erosion、 prod． ctio． mechanism in Loess Plateau, primiplc and requirement tbat aprehensive ll℃ altml Illeas,ure of slope Sl,ll39。 根據(jù)生態(tài)修復(fù)的實際，提出了生態(tài)修復(fù)目標(biāo)：實現(xiàn)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的地表基底穩(wěn)定性、 恢復(fù)植被和土壤、保證一定的植被覆蓋率和土壤肥力、增加種類組成和生物多樣性、實現(xiàn) 生物群落的恢復(fù)、提高生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的生產(chǎn)力和自我維持能力、減少或 控制環(huán)境污染、增加視 覺和美學(xué)享受。 在全面分析黃土高原影響坡面、溝道土壤侵蝕的主要因素以及土壤侵蝕形式、產(chǎn) 生機理的基礎(chǔ)上，提出坡面和溝道綜合治理措施配置的原則和要求。在陜晉蒙三角區(qū)重點抓了礦區(qū)綠化、水源開發(fā)與保護(hù)、水土流失治理、清 理煤窯、河道整治和土焦改造示范工程，成為中國生態(tài)環(huán)境治理的典范。這些基地的建設(shè)和資 源開發(fā)，同生態(tài)修復(fù)及農(nóng)林牧業(yè)發(fā)展相互依存，相互促進(jìn)，這就使黃土高原地區(qū)生態(tài)修復(fù) 與生態(tài)環(huán)境質(zhì)量對區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)社會的影響，上升到一個更加重要的戰(zhàn)略地位。由于黃土高原 地區(qū)水土流失舉世 聞名，是“頭字號”生態(tài)環(huán)境問題，已成為全社會的共識。 本文主要是針對我國黃土高原自然資源和生態(tài)修復(fù)的實際情況，研究黃土高原生態(tài)修 復(fù)工程以及措施優(yōu)化配置理論和技術(shù) 難題，使生態(tài)修復(fù)綜合治理工作取得明顯的生態(tài)、經(jīng) 濟(jì)和社會效益，推動我國生態(tài)修復(fù)綜合治理事業(yè)的向前進(jìn)一步發(fā)展，具體著重開展了以下 幾個方面的研究： l、生態(tài)自然修復(fù)機理及修復(fù)潛力的研究； 生態(tài)自然修復(fù)實旄區(qū)域劃分及指針體系研究； 生態(tài)自然修復(fù)工程驗收分區(qū)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)及規(guī)范研究； 生態(tài)自然修復(fù)規(guī)劃設(shè)計技術(shù)規(guī)范研究； 生態(tài)自然修復(fù)過程及其效果的監(jiān)測與評估研究． 在研究中運用生態(tài)學(xué)原理、恢復(fù)生態(tài)學(xué)原理、土壤學(xué)理論、國土資源學(xué)理論 等，結(jié)合 黃土高原生態(tài)修復(fù)地區(qū)綜合治理實例，對我國黃土高原生態(tài)修復(fù)綜合治理進(jìn)行了分析和探 討，取得如下研究成果； 針對我國黃土高原生態(tài)修復(fù)區(qū)土地荒漠化的特點和丘陵溝壑區(qū)綜合治理的實際情 況，總結(jié)了國內(nèi)外生態(tài)修復(fù)的研究內(nèi)容和辦法，系統(tǒng)地研究了黃土高原生態(tài)修復(fù)中綜合治 理的典型模式。應(yīng)用通用土壤流失方 程和計算機技術(shù)，建立了典型小流域綜合治理措施決策系統(tǒng)，進(jìn)行了溝道壩系優(yōu)化規(guī)劃模 型研究，根據(jù)大量觀測試驗結(jié)果和黃土高原綜合治理的實踐，深入分析黃土高原生態(tài)環(huán)境 惡化和水土流失嚴(yán)重的原因，提出退耕還林 (草 )、封山禁牧、淤地壩建設(shè)作為黃土高原 治理水土流失、改善生態(tài)環(huán)境的重大戰(zhàn)略措施，對于加快黃土高原生態(tài)修復(fù)和自然植被建 設(shè)有很重要的作用。 關(guān)鍵詞：黃土高原；水土流失：水土保持；生態(tài)修復(fù)；綜合治理模式；生態(tài)環(huán)境質(zhì)量評 價 Page 4 Abmact Title： STUDlES ON ECOLOGICAL REHABILlTATlON AND ECO— ENVIRoNMENTAL QUALITY IN LOESS PLATEAU Major： Hydraulic engineering Name： Aiping Wang Signatu Supervisor： Prof． Zhanbin U Signatu Pmf．’ ri Zhang Signature： Abstract 1kregion ofLoess Plateau is not only the啪珊 e and origin ofChinese nation,bm also the energy mincral product concentration region of coal、 oil、 gas our country,it is important chemical base ofngw gngrgy that is invested in the construction of in the“15”period and the 21st century,Construction of these bases and development of∞啪 uD 嘲 that a∞ interdependence and mutually promoted with ecological rehabilitation and the development of farming and forestry and animal husbandry,which makes ecological rehabilitation in Loess Plateau and the impact which the quality of the ecological environmental on regional economics and society rise to a more important strategic position． DI埠 to soil and water loss in the regions of LLI,器 S Plateau is well known,“ the first name’’ ecological environment problem which has bee a coBsensus of the munity． The functioll and status of ecological rehabilitation is constant improve along with the practice ofharness Loess Plateau． Ecological rehabilitation and water end soll conservation has a long history and rich experience in the region ofLoess Plateau,as early as the P 持 Qintimes． our ancestors began renovating the w柵 and soil and improving the ecological environment,creating a wealth of experience in harnessing mountains and water． In Shaanxi， Shanxi and Mongolian Ucia： tlgie， the afforestation ofmining area、 the developmentand protection ofwaterSOtlIV七、 harnessing w嬲 lossand soil erosion、 clean l驢 coal pits、 regulation of river and the demonstration projects of indigenous coke transformedⅥ惴 focused have bay,ame China39。faCC and ehatmel w黜 proposed． Application ofUniversal SoU Loss Equation COS[． E)and puting technology, decision system that a Comprehensive Itealanent llaCasute of typical 5mall watershed waft established,theresearch on programming model ofguny darn system optimized was carried on On the biases of a large number of the results of observation experiment azld the practice of eomprehemive trealment in Loess Plateau,the lrCIEl∞ ns why deterioration of ecological environment and s朗 CClte wat．盯 and soil erosion in Loess Plateau we犯鋤 lal”蜘 in aeptb． It was proposed that conversion of arable(cropland)land to forest Land、 doses off amotmtain area enduresthe herd、 construction of elaeek dam咖 belooked as the important s缸 ategie rrli冀 lSlll39。faC,le、 l弓 stor℃ vegetation狃 d soil、 guatalltee c,ertain vegetation coverage and soil fertilities、 increase species eompositiom and biodiversity eomervatio,、 realize restoration ofbioeommunities、 improve the productivity of eeosyste皿 and the ability of selfmaintenance、 redue冶 Ot control environmental pollution、 inere蜮 enjoyment ofvision and aesthetics． Key Words： Loess Plateau；咖 and soil erosion； soilwater conservation； ceologica】 rehab