【正文】 . J I A N G S U U N I V E R S I T Y 本 科 畢 業(yè) 論 文 R801 飛錘的 4 孔組合鉆床設(shè)計(jì) The designantion of a bination drilling machine for R801flyweght 學(xué)院名稱： 京江學(xué)院 專業(yè)班級(jí)： 機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)制造及其自動(dòng)化 學(xué)生姓名： 袁堃 指導(dǎo)教師姓名： 葛濤 指導(dǎo)教師職稱： 講師 20xx 年 5 月 飛錘 4孔組合鉆床設(shè)計(jì)的意義 專業(yè)班級(jí)：機(jī)械 0902 學(xué)生姓名：袁堃 指導(dǎo)老師：葛濤 職稱：講師 摘要 本文首先通過分析比較，確定了 4孔單工位組合鉆床的配置型式及結(jié)構(gòu)的最佳方案，遵循機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)中標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化、通用化、系列化原則， 給出機(jī)床的總體設(shè)計(jì)，繪制出代表機(jī)床總體設(shè)計(jì)的被加工零件工序圖、加工示意圖、機(jī)床聯(lián)系尺寸圖和生產(chǎn)率計(jì)算卡。對(duì)本機(jī)床的關(guān)鍵部分：主軸箱和夾具的結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行了創(chuàng)新設(shè)計(jì)。由于在本臺(tái)組合鉆床上髓同時(shí)加工 4個(gè)孔，孔多、間距小，采用常規(guī)方法排箱無法實(shí)現(xiàn) 4孔的工序集中的加工方案。本鉆床的主軸箱傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)通過采用變位齒輪和滾針軸承等結(jié)構(gòu)方面的創(chuàng)新設(shè)計(jì)，將常規(guī)方法下不能完成的排箱成為可能。本臺(tái)組合鉆床夾緊機(jī)構(gòu)，采用了快速螺旋夾緊機(jī)構(gòu)。減少了裝卸零件所用時(shí)間，提高了生產(chǎn)效率。 本文從企業(yè)實(shí)際需求出發(fā)。在全面分析被加工零件的結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)、尺寸精度、被加工孔相互之間位置精度、表面粗糙度和技術(shù)要求的基礎(chǔ)上，指出采用現(xiàn)有設(shè)備不僅工人勞 動(dòng)強(qiáng)度大，生產(chǎn)率低，而且零件加工精度難以保證。根據(jù)實(shí)際需要，研制出了 4孔單工位組合鉆床。 按上述設(shè)計(jì)方案制造出的 4孔單工位組合鉆床與原方案加工工件的實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)相比較，有以下幾個(gè)突出的優(yōu)點(diǎn)： 1． 提高了加工精度 在普通鉆床上加工，由于是采用多工步，各孔的位置精度不易保證，廢品率一般在 2％：采用 4孔組合鉆床，因?yàn)樵谠O(shè)計(jì)的每一個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)，都嚴(yán)格控制設(shè)計(jì)零件的精度，且是多刀同時(shí)加工，所加工出的零件位置精度均在要求范圍內(nèi)，廢品率為 0。通過實(shí)際運(yùn)行結(jié)果證明：該 4孔單工位組合鉆床確實(shí)達(dá)到了“體積小，重量輕，結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單，使用方便， 效率高，質(zhì)量好”的要求。既大大減輕了工人的勞動(dòng)強(qiáng) 度，又給廠家?guī)砹丝捎^的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益。 2. 提高了生產(chǎn)率 在本臺(tái)組合鉆床上加工該零件，由于是 8把刀具同時(shí)加工，縮短了輔助時(shí)間，加工循環(huán)時(shí)間僅為 2． 7min，而在原普通鉆床上加工此工件，加工循環(huán)時(shí)間平均需要 15分鐘，生產(chǎn)率提高了 4． 6倍。 關(guān)鍵詞 ： 組合鉆床 主軸箱 夾具設(shè)計(jì) 傳動(dòng)設(shè)計(jì) The meaning of the designation of a bination drilling machine for R801flyweght ABSTRACT In view of the actual conditions of enterprises and on the basis of overall analyzing workpiece structure features， accuracy of size， surface roughness， accuracy of distance between drilled holes and other technical requirements， this article points out that the existing equipments used to manufacture workpieces may result in lower productivity，greater intensity of labor and worse working accuracy． Therefore， it is necessary to develop a new type of 4 hole single working position bination drilling machine． Through analysis and parison， the article has determined the best project of the structure and the disposition of the 4 holes bination drilling machine． According to the principle of standardization， generalization and serialization in machine design， the article offers the master design of the drilling machine， the process drawing of workpiece， the working diagram， the connection dimensional drawing of the drilling machine and the calculating card of productivity． In some key parts of the drilling machine， there are certain new designs on the structure of the spindle box and the fixture． With 4 hole drilled simultaneously on the drilling machine， in addition to dispersive arrangement of hole position， the 4 holes drilling program cannot be pleted in conventional way． In the transmission system of 4 hole drilling machine are used some new structural designs such as pin bearings and positionchangeable gears， so that the arrangement of hole position，which cannot be finished in conventional way， can be acplished． The bination drilling machine is applied a fast spiral pinch machinery whose features are not only shortens the time consumed in loading and unloading workpiece but also enhances productivity． After the experimental result of the new type of 4 hole bination drilling machine is pared with the one of the original working program， there are followingprominent advantages： 1． Improving working accuracy Thereject rate of workpiece cut on the generalpurpose drilling machine usually reaches to 2﹪ because of its multistep working procedure， so it is difficult to secure the spacing accuracy of every hole． Yet the 4 hole bination drilling machine may reach to 0． This is because the working accuracy of workpiece is strictly controlled at each design point and the spacing accuracy of workpiece cut by multitool is limited within thedesired scope． The result checked through actual operation proves that the 4 hole bination drilling machine really meets the requirement of“small in volume， light in weight， simple in structure， convenient in use， high in efficiency and excellent in quality． ”This type of drilling machine reduces the labor strength largely and brings enterprises huge economic benefits， either． 2． Enhancing productivity If the workpiece is cut with 4 drills on the bination drilling machine， the auxiliary time would be shortened and the working cycle time would be limited within 2． 7min． On the other hand， if the workpiece is cut on the generalpurpose drilling machine， its working cycle time would take 15min on an average， the productivity would increase by 4． 6 times． Key Words： Combination drilling machine Design of transmission system Spindle box Design of fixture 目錄 第一章 緒論 ??????????????????????????? 1 1． 1 論文背景及研究意義 ???????????????????? 1 1． 2 組合 機(jī)床發(fā)展概況 ????????????????????? 1 1． 2． 1組合機(jī)床的由來 ????????????????????? 1 1． 2． 2組合機(jī)床技術(shù)裝備現(xiàn)狀與發(fā)展趨勢(shì) ????????????? 1 1． 3 本文研究的主要內(nèi)容 ???????????????????? 2 第二章 4孔鉆床總體設(shè)計(jì) ????????????????????? 3 2． 1 4孔單工位組合鉆床工藝方案的制定 ????????????? 3 2． 2 4孔組合鉆床配置型式及結(jié)構(gòu)方案的確定 ??????????? 3 2． 3 主要參數(shù)的計(jì)算 ???? ?????????????????? 4 2． 3． 1確定切削用量，計(jì)算各主軸轉(zhuǎn)速 ?????????????? 4 2． 3． 2 確定切削力 F、切削轉(zhuǎn)矩 M、切削功率 P??????????? 5 2． 4 組合機(jī)床總體設(shè)計(jì) ????????????????????? 5 2． 4． 1被加工零件工序圖 ???????????????????? 6 2． 4． 2加工示意圖的設(shè)計(jì) ???????????????????? 6 2． 4． 3機(jī)床聯(lián)系尺寸圖的繪制 ?????????????????? 11 2． 4． 4生產(chǎn)率計(jì)算卡 ???????????? ?????????? 14 第三章 主軸箱設(shè)計(jì) ??????????????????????? 16 3． 1繪制主軸箱設(shè)計(jì)原始依據(jù)圖 ????????????????? 16 3． 2主軸結(jié)構(gòu)形式的選擇及動(dòng)力計(jì)算 ??????????????? 20 3. 3 傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)和計(jì)算 ??????????????????? 20 3． 4多軸箱的坐標(biāo)計(jì)算 ????????????????????? 24 3． 5主軸箱通用軸類零件選擇 ?????????????????? 26 3． 6主軸及通用傳動(dòng)軸結(jié)構(gòu)形式的選擇方案 ???????????? 27 3． 7通用齒輪及其他通用件及傳動(dòng)軸軸承型號(hào)的選用 ???????? 29 第四章 夾具設(shè)計(jì) ???????????????????????? 31 4． 1機(jī)床夾具的概述 ?????????????????????? 31 4． 2定位支承系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì) ????????????????????? 31 4． 2． 1定位支承系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)原則 ????????????