【正文】 摘 要 本設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù)要求 設(shè)計(jì)一種鍋爐液位控制器，它以 8051 作為控制器，通過 8051單片機(jī)，壓力傳感器和模數(shù)轉(zhuǎn)換器等硬件系統(tǒng)和軟件設(shè)計(jì)方法實(shí)現(xiàn)具有液位檢測(cè)報(bào)警和控制雙重功能，同時(shí)也具有壓力報(bào)警和顯示控制的功能 ,并對(duì)液位和壓力值進(jìn)行顯示。 本 設(shè)計(jì) 是基于單片機(jī)的水暖鍋爐控制，在設(shè)計(jì)中主要有水位檢測(cè)、溫度檢測(cè)、壓力檢測(cè)、按鍵控制、水位控制、顯示部分、故障報(bào)警等幾部分組成來實(shí)現(xiàn)供暖控制。主要用水位傳感器檢測(cè)水位，用光纖溫度傳感器來檢測(cè)水溫，用六個(gè)控制按鍵來實(shí)現(xiàn)按健控制，用三位 7 段 LED 顯示器來完成顯示部 分，用變頻器來控制循環(huán)泵的轉(zhuǎn)速，用壓力傳感器檢測(cè)鍋爐內(nèi)部壓力。并且通過模數(shù)轉(zhuǎn)換把這些信號(hào)送入單片機(jī)中。把這些信號(hào)與單片機(jī)中內(nèi)部設(shè)定的值相比，以判斷單片機(jī)是否需要進(jìn)行相應(yīng)的操作，即是否需要開啟補(bǔ)水泵，來實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)液面的控制 ， 從而實(shí)現(xiàn)單片機(jī)自動(dòng)控制液面的目的。本設(shè)計(jì)用單片機(jī)控制易于實(shí)現(xiàn)鍋爐液位、溫度和壓力的控制 ,而且有造價(jià)低、程序易于調(diào)試、一部分出現(xiàn)故障不會(huì)影響其他部分的工作、維修方便、等優(yōu)點(diǎn)。 關(guān)鍵詞 鍋爐 ， 8051 單片機(jī) ， 模數(shù)轉(zhuǎn)換 ， 水位控制 ， 自動(dòng)控制 攀枝花學(xué)院本科畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文） ABSTRACT II ABSTRACT This design task requirement level controller design of a boiler, which in 8051 as controller, through 8051 MCU, pressure sensor and the hardware system and software design methods, such as implementation of adc has a dual function, liquid level detection alarm and control also has the function of pressure alarm and display control, and to show the liquid level and pressure value. The water heating boiler design is based on single chip microputer, are mainly in the design water level detection, temperature detection, pressure testing, button control, water level control and display part, fault alarm and so on several parts to achieve heating control. Mainly use groundwater level sensors, optical fiber temperature sensor is used to detect temperature, press with six control keys to achieve the healthy controls, with three 7 segment LED display to plete display part, use frequency converter to control the turning speed of the circulation pump, the pressure sensor is used to inspect pressure within the boiler. And by the modulus conversion signal is sent to MCU. The signal is pared with the internal setting values in the MCU, MCU on judgment whether to need to carry on the corresponding operation, whether it need to open the pump, to achieve control of the liquid surface, so as to realize the single chip microputer automatic control level. This design with the single chip microputer control is easy to realize the boiler liquid level, temperature and pressure control, and has low cost, part program is easy to debug, failure will not affect other parts of the work, convenient maintenance, etc. Keyword boiler， 8051 single chip microputer, modulus conversion, water level control, automatic control 攀枝花學(xué)院本科畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文） 目錄 1 目 錄 摘 要 ........................................................................................................................................... 1 ABSTRACT ...................................................................................................................................II 1 緒論 ........................................................................................................................................... 3 課題背景 ............................................................................................................................. 3 國(guó)內(nèi)外研究的現(xiàn)狀 ............................................................................................................... 3 使用單片機(jī)實(shí)現(xiàn)鍋爐液位控制的優(yōu)點(diǎn) ................................................................................... 3 研究方案及預(yù)期結(jié)果 ............................................................................................................ 4 系統(tǒng)硬件總體方案 ..................................................................................................... 4 系統(tǒng)軟件總體方案 ..................................................................................................... 4 設(shè)計(jì)的研究進(jìn)程 ......................................................................................................... 4 2 系統(tǒng)硬件設(shè)計(jì) ........................................................................................................................... 5 核心芯片 8051 單片機(jī) .......................................................................................................... 5 液位傳感器設(shè)計(jì) ................................................................................................................... 8 ADC0809A/D 轉(zhuǎn)換 器 .............................................................................................................. 9 D／ A 轉(zhuǎn)換基本原理 .................................................................................................... 9 ADC0809 轉(zhuǎn)換芯片 ..................................................................................................... 11 鍵盤及顯示接口 ..................................................................................................................12 自動(dòng)報(bào)警電路 .....................................................................................................................13 3 傳感器的選擇設(shè)計(jì) ..................................................................................................................15 液位傳感器的設(shè)計(jì) ..............................................................................................................15 光電式傳感器 ............................................................................................................15 光電式傳感器 的基本特性 ..........................................................................................17 溫度傳感器的設(shè)計(jì) ...............................................................................................................19 壓電式傳感器的設(shè)計(jì) ...........................................................................................................19 壓電效應(yīng)和陶瓷壓電式傳感器選取 ............................................................................20 壓電式傳感器的測(cè)量電路 ..........................................................................................20 4 系統(tǒng)軟件的設(shè)計(jì) .........................................................................................................