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微型雕刻機總體及數(shù)控系統(tǒng)選用設(shè)計_畢業(yè)設(shè)計(已修改)

2025-07-29 06:03 本頁面
 

【正文】 畢業(yè)設(shè)計說明書 畢業(yè)設(shè)計說明書 微型雕刻機總體及數(shù)控系統(tǒng)選用設(shè)計 摘要: 隨著微電子技術(shù)和微型計算機的飛速發(fā)展,微型雕刻機的應(yīng)用越來越廣泛。機電一體化廣泛地綜合了機械、微電子、自動控制、信息、傳感測試、電力電子、接口、信號變換和軟件編程等技術(shù),并將這些技術(shù)有機的結(jié)合成一體,它是當(dāng)今世界機 械工業(yè)技術(shù)和產(chǎn)品發(fā)展的主要趨勢。 本文調(diào)查研究了雕刻機的發(fā)展,介紹臺式數(shù)控龍門雕刻機 X 的設(shè)計過程,包括機床總體方案設(shè)計、主傳動系統(tǒng)設(shè)計和 X 向進給傳動系統(tǒng)的機械結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計。 X 向進給傳動系統(tǒng)中主要分析了絲杠的安裝,以及相關(guān)固定和支承。計算主要 有兩個方面:對滾珠絲杠和 X 軸電機的選擇計算和校核。此外,我還進行了數(shù)控系統(tǒng)的選擇,數(shù)控系統(tǒng)是機床自動化的重要組成部分 ,其性能直接影響到加工的精度、效率及生產(chǎn)企業(yè)的效益。本文詳細(xì)介紹了數(shù)控系統(tǒng)及驅(qū)動單元的原理及其優(yōu)缺點 ,如何選擇性價比最好、最合適的數(shù)控系統(tǒng)及驅(qū)動單元。 本課題是在參考現(xiàn)有雕刻機的基礎(chǔ)上,設(shè)計一種機構(gòu)尺寸比較簡單的數(shù)控雕刻機,適用性比較大的工藝品的雕刻加工。 關(guān)鍵字: 雕刻機,數(shù)控系統(tǒng),機電一體化, X 軸,插補法 鹽城工學(xué)院本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計說明書 20xx 2 Miniature engraving machine overall and selection design of CNC system Abstract : Along with the development of microelectronics technology and microputer technology, miniature engraving machine will be widely used. These technologies are widely used in Mechatronics, including mechanism, microelectronics,autocontrol, information, sensor and test,power and electron, interface, signal transform, software program. On the other hand, mechatronics maked these technologies integrated closely. It is the primary trend of the development of mechanical industrial technology and products in the world nowadays. The development of the CNC engraving machine and the meaning of the electric spindle to the NC machine was investigated about this thesis. The process of design for the X axle in Deskwork CNC engraving and milling machine was introduced, including the design project of the machine, the design of the mechanical structures of the feeding mechanism of X axis. In the section of the feeding machine of X axis , the assembly of the straight guideway and the bearing of the ball screw and so forth was presented . The calculation mainly includes two aspects: choosing and verifying the servomotor of X axis. At last,In addition, I also had the choice of numerical control system CNC system is an important ponent of machine tool automation,and the capacity directly affected the machining accuracy,efficiency and the benefit of the production principle and advantage/disadvantage of CNC system and driver unit were to select the highest price ratio and most appropriate CNC system and driver unit was also described. This topic is based on the existing engraving machine to design a CNC engraving machines with a simple size, which adapted to the relatively large carving handicraft processing. Keywords: Engraving plotter, numerical control system, mechatronics, X axis, and interpolation arithmetic. 鹽城工學(xué)院本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計說明書 20xx 3 目錄 1 引言 ..............................................................1 雕刻機概述 ......................................................1 1. 1. 1 雕刻機起源 ..................................................1 數(shù)控雕刻機及其發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀 ..........................................1 數(shù)控雕刻機 ....................................................1 研制雕刻機的目的和意義 ........................................2 數(shù)控雕刻機的特點 ..............................................2 數(shù)控雕刻機的應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域 ..........................................2 我國數(shù)控雕刻機的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀 ......................................3 主要設(shè)計任務(wù) ..................................................3 2 雕刻機 的機械結(jié)構(gòu) .................................................4 雕刻機的工作原理 ................................................4 整體結(jié)構(gòu) ........................................................4 雕刻機總體布局的基本要求 ......................................4 影響雕刻機布局的基本因素 .....................................6 坐標(biāo)系的確定 .................................................6 三維雕刻機的機械結(jié)構(gòu) ..........................................6 進給系統(tǒng) ........................................................7 典型零件工藝分析 ...............................................10 3 三坐標(biāo)數(shù)控雕刻機的機械系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計 ................................12 設(shè)計參數(shù)的確定 ................................................12 切削力、切削扭矩和切削功率計算 ................................12 鹽城工學(xué)院本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計說明書 20xx 4 銑削力、扭矩和功率的計算 .....................................13 鉆削力、扭矩和功率的計算 .....................................14 主運動系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計計算 ..........................................15 主軸組件 .....................................................15 主運動系統(tǒng)傳動鏈的組成 ....................................... 16 主軸電動機的設(shè)計計算 ........................................16 進給運動系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計計算 .........................................17 進給系統(tǒng)傳動鏈的組成 ........................................17 滾珠絲杠副的設(shè)計計算 .........................................17 工作臺進給電動機的設(shè)計計算 ...................................21 工作臺直線導(dǎo)軌副的設(shè)計計算 ..................................22 4 數(shù)控系統(tǒng)的選用 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 23 NC 選型 ........................................................23 插補法 ........................................................36 控制程序 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 5 總結(jié) ............................................................41 參考文獻(xiàn) ..........................................................42 致 謝 ............................................................43 附 錄 ............................................................44 鹽城工學(xué)院本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計說明書 20xx 5 雕刻機概述 1. 1. 1 雕刻機起源 雕刻可以追溯到遠(yuǎn)古時期,母系氏族時期的半坡氏族的“人面網(wǎng)紋盆”便是雕刻的雛形。在我國北宋時期便發(fā)明了活字印刷,《夢溪筆談》有記 :“其法用膠泥刻字,薄為錢唇,每字為一印,火燒令堅一”。這里的刻字應(yīng)屬于雕刻的范疇。隨著時代的發(fā)展,我國的雕刻藝 術(shù)日益精深,玉雕、象牙雕、紅木雕、篆刻泥人雕等手工雕刻技術(shù)都可堪稱一絕。 上世紀(jì) 90 年代至今,機械雕刻獲得了前所未有的發(fā)展。從最初的刻字機,刻章機再到三維雕刻機,制作工藝也日漸成熟,應(yīng)用范圍也日漸廣泛。大到樓房建筑的裝飾,小到商店門前的招牌,乃至很多產(chǎn)品的標(biāo)識銘牌,可謂雕刻的使用范圍無處不在。 雕刻機 (Engraving Plotter),顧名思義就是用機器代替人工進行雕刻的設(shè)備。 1938 年世界第一臺手動雕刻機在法國“嘉寶”問世, 1950 年“嘉寶”生產(chǎn)出世界第一臺真正意義的電動、可縮放比例的手動雕刻 機。隨后美國、日本和法國等國也開始研制。 20 世紀(jì) 90 年代,隨著微電子技術(shù)的突飛猛進,直接推動微型計算機的急劇發(fā)展。微電子技術(shù)和微型計算機技術(shù)帶動整個高技術(shù)
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