【正文】 畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)說(shuō)明書(shū) 畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)說(shuō)明書(shū) 微型雕刻機(jī)總體及數(shù)控系統(tǒng)選用設(shè)計(jì) 摘要： 隨著微電子技術(shù)和微型計(jì)算機(jī)的飛速發(fā)展，微型雕刻機(jī)的應(yīng)用越來(lái)越廣泛。機(jī)電一體化廣泛地綜合了機(jī)械、微電子、自動(dòng)控制、信息、傳感測(cè)試、電力電子、接口、信號(hào)變換和軟件編程等技術(shù)，并將這些技術(shù)有機(jī)的結(jié)合成一體，它是當(dāng)今世界機(jī) 械工業(yè)技術(shù)和產(chǎn)品發(fā)展的主要趨勢(shì)。 本文調(diào)查研究了雕刻機(jī)的發(fā)展，介紹臺(tái)式數(shù)控龍門(mén)雕刻機(jī) X 的設(shè)計(jì)過(guò)程，包括機(jī)床總體方案設(shè)計(jì)、主傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)和 X 向進(jìn)給傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)的機(jī)械結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)。 X 向進(jìn)給傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)中主要分析了絲杠的安裝，以及相關(guān)固定和支承。計(jì)算主要 有兩個(gè)方面：對(duì)滾珠絲杠和 X 軸電機(jī)的選擇計(jì)算和校核。此外，我還進(jìn)行了數(shù)控系統(tǒng)的選擇，數(shù)控系統(tǒng)是機(jī)床自動(dòng)化的重要組成部分 ,其性能直接影響到加工的精度、效率及生產(chǎn)企業(yè)的效益。本文詳細(xì)介紹了數(shù)控系統(tǒng)及驅(qū)動(dòng)單元的原理及其優(yōu)缺點(diǎn) ,如何選擇性?xún)r(jià)比最好、最合適的數(shù)控系統(tǒng)及驅(qū)動(dòng)單元。 本課題是在參考現(xiàn)有雕刻機(jī)的基礎(chǔ)上，設(shè)計(jì)一種機(jī)構(gòu)尺寸比較簡(jiǎn)單的數(shù)控雕刻機(jī)，適用性比較大的工藝品的雕刻加工。 關(guān)鍵字： 雕刻機(jī)，數(shù)控系統(tǒng)，機(jī)電一體化， X 軸，插補(bǔ)法 鹽城工學(xué)院本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)說(shuō)明書(shū) 20xx 2 Miniature engraving machine overall and selection design of CNC system Abstract ： Along with the development of microelectronics technology and microputer technology， miniature engraving machine will be widely used. These technologies are widely used in Mechatronics, including mechanism, microelectronics，autocontrol, information, sensor and test,power and electron, interface, signal transform, software program. On the other hand, mechatronics maked these technologies integrated closely. It is the primary trend of the development of mechanical industrial technology and products in the world nowadays. The development of the CNC engraving machine and the meaning of the electric spindle to the NC machine was investigated about this thesis. The process of design for the X axle in Deskwork CNC engraving and milling machine was introduced, including the design project of the machine, the design of the mechanical structures of the feeding mechanism of X axis. In the section of the feeding machine of X axis , the assembly of the straight guideway and the bearing of the ball screw and so forth was presented . The calculation mainly includes two aspects: choosing and verifying the servomotor of X axis. At last,In addition, I also had the choice of numerical control system CNC system is an important ponent of machine tool automation,and the capacity directly affected the machining accuracy,efficiency and the benefit of the production principle and advantage/disadvantage of CNC system and driver unit were to select the highest price ratio and most appropriate CNC system and driver unit was also described. This topic is based on the existing engraving machine to design a CNC engraving machines with a simple size, which adapted to the relatively large carving handicraft processing. Keywords: Engraving plotter, numerical control system, mechatronics, X axis， and interpolation arithmetic. 鹽城工學(xué)院本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)說(shuō)明書(shū) 20xx 3 目錄 1 引言 ..............................................................1 雕刻機(jī)概述 ......................................................1 1. 1. 1 雕刻機(jī)起源 ..................................................1 數(shù)控雕刻機(jī)及其發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀 ..........................................1 數(shù)控雕刻機(jī) ....................................................1 研制雕刻機(jī)的目的和意義 ........................................2 數(shù)控雕刻機(jī)的特點(diǎn) ..............................................2 數(shù)控雕刻機(jī)的應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域 ..........................................2 我國(guó)數(shù)控雕刻機(jī)的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀 ......................................3 主要設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù) ..................................................3 2 雕刻機(jī) 的機(jī)械結(jié)構(gòu) .................................................4 雕刻機(jī)的工作原理 ................................................4 整體結(jié)構(gòu) ........................................................4 雕刻機(jī)總體布局的基本要求 ......................................4 影響雕刻機(jī)布局的基本因素 .....................................6 坐標(biāo)系的確定 .................................................6 三維雕刻機(jī)的機(jī)械結(jié)構(gòu) ..........................................6 進(jìn)給系統(tǒng) ........................................................7 典型零件工藝分析 ...............................................10 3 三坐標(biāo)數(shù)控雕刻機(jī)的機(jī)械系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì) ................................12 設(shè)計(jì)參數(shù)的確定 ................................................12 切削力、切削扭矩和切削功率計(jì)算 ................................12 鹽城工學(xué)院本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)說(shuō)明書(shū) 20xx 4 銑削力、扭矩和功率的計(jì)算 .....................................13 鉆削力、扭矩和功率的計(jì)算 .....................................14 主運(yùn)動(dòng)系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算 ..........................................15 主軸組件 .....................................................15 主運(yùn)動(dòng)系統(tǒng)傳動(dòng)鏈的組成 ....................................... 16 主軸電動(dòng)機(jī)的設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算 ........................................16 進(jìn)給運(yùn)動(dòng)系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算 .........................................17 進(jìn)給系統(tǒng)傳動(dòng)鏈的組成 ........................................17 滾珠絲杠副的設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算 .........................................17 工作臺(tái)進(jìn)給電動(dòng)機(jī)的設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算 ...................................21 工作臺(tái)直線(xiàn)導(dǎo)軌副的設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算 ..................................22 4 數(shù)控系統(tǒng)的選用 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 23 NC 選型 ........................................................23 插補(bǔ)法 ........................................................36 控制程序 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 5 總結(jié) ............................................................41 參考文獻(xiàn) ..........................................................42 致 謝 ............................................................43 附 錄 ............................................................44 鹽城工學(xué)院本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)說(shuō)明書(shū) 20xx 5 雕刻機(jī)概述 1. 1. 1 雕刻機(jī)起源 雕刻可以追溯到遠(yuǎn)古時(shí)期，母系氏族時(shí)期的半坡氏族的“人面網(wǎng)紋盆”便是雕刻的雛形。在我國(guó)北宋時(shí)期便發(fā)明了活字印刷，《夢(mèng)溪筆談》有記 :“其法用膠泥刻字，薄為錢(qián)唇，每字為一印，火燒令堅(jiān)一”。這里的刻字應(yīng)屬于雕刻的范疇。隨著時(shí)代的發(fā)展，我國(guó)的雕刻藝 術(shù)日益精深，玉雕、象牙雕、紅木雕、篆刻泥人雕等手工雕刻技術(shù)都可堪稱(chēng)一絕。 上世紀(jì) 90 年代至今，機(jī)械雕刻獲得了前所未有的發(fā)展。從最初的刻字機(jī)，刻章機(jī)再到三維雕刻機(jī)，制作工藝也日漸成熟，應(yīng)用范圍也日漸廣泛。大到樓房建筑的裝飾，小到商店門(mén)前的招牌，乃至很多產(chǎn)品的標(biāo)識(shí)銘牌，可謂雕刻的使用范圍無(wú)處不在。 雕刻機(jī) (Engraving Plotter)，顧名思義就是用機(jī)器代替人工進(jìn)行雕刻的設(shè)備。 1938 年世界第一臺(tái)手動(dòng)雕刻機(jī)在法國(guó)“嘉寶”問(wèn)世， 1950 年“嘉寶”生產(chǎn)出世界第一臺(tái)真正意義的電動(dòng)、可縮放比例的手動(dòng)雕刻 機(jī)。隨后美國(guó)、日本和法國(guó)等國(guó)也開(kāi)始研制。 20 世紀(jì) 90 年代，隨著微電子技術(shù)的突飛猛進(jìn)，直接推動(dòng)微型計(jì)算機(jī)的急劇發(fā)展。微電子技術(shù)和微型計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)帶動(dòng)整個(gè)高技術(shù)