【正文】 第一篇：奧巴馬就職演講文體學(xué)分析英語文體學(xué)論文—對美國總統(tǒng)奧巴馬就職演說英語文體學(xué)分析Speech is an art form of verbal expression, developing as the human being and American presidential candidate’s campaign speech is an important way to promote his political views to win the public years, from George Washington to George Bush, the presidents show their wishes and dreams through the inauguration words are usually made by a number of most famous and talented speech is filled with fancy sentences and fragment of a beauty 39。s inauguration speech drew all attention in the paper tries to analyze Obama39。s inauguration speech in the level of English the use of analysis methods of English stylistic, you can help the audience understand more of this Compare to daily conversations, the public speech expression’s choice is more are 2043 words in Obama39。s inauguration emotional words are used to achieve the desired language using is decided by its particular context, with both oral and written language , it is found this inaugurationspeech is full of spoken words, mostly simple, in order to let the whole country to understand.(Eg: I stand here today humbled by the task before us.)In the English public speech, we need the attribution of abstract when talk about concepts and the meantime, the uses of abstract and plicated word are more precise and this speech paper, they use the abstract words such as enormity, spirit, patriotism to show the political color of the Obama’s politic sentence featuresIn informal speech, the speaker use short sentences to enhance the speaker’s power of are 2043 words or 107 sentences in the Obama’s average sentences length is words per sentence, which is more than the average English sentences length words per this official inauguration speech, there are a variety of the lengths of sentences, with the maximum sentence up to 49 words, but if ing along with appropriate pause, a long sentence is not difficult to the contrary, the shortest sentence is “Yes, we can!”.And it gains the most powerful audience response and bees one of the most popular appropriate sentence length interchangeably in the speech can arouse audience39。s addition, Obama chooses different types of sentences, such as statements, imperative clauses and rhetorical questions, uses a strongimperative clause “This is our chance to answer that is our is our time” to show a tough repeatedly used “l(fā)et us” guiding imperative usages of imperative clauses in a short time can cheer up the audience39。s feelings to support the speaker39。s contrast, a question sentence is few in his speech, but if with felicitous usages, it will bring tremendous examples, “If?, what change will they see? What progress will we have made?”He is piloting the audiences to get his inspiration while thinking of these two usage(1)Parallel constructionIn the speech language, the parallel construction is a mon rhetoric usage(formed by a group of similar structures of the words, phrases and sentences).The use of this structure can enhance audience39。s attention and can make the speech more accurate , example:1)It’s the answer 2)…It can’t happen …(2)Phonetic figures of speechA phonetic figure of speech is a kind of rhetorical usage based on pronounces of the the paragraph, it appears some words with the same consonant to make the speech more example: us to make that way things )It can’t happen without you, without a new a new(3)MetaphorMetaphor is the concept of understanding one thing in terms of metaphor is a figure of speech that constructs an analogy between two things or ideas。the analogy is conveyed by the use of a metaphorical word in place of some other )I would not be standing here without the unyielding support of my life, the nation’s next first lady Michelle this sentence, Obama says his wife is like the cornerstone of his family to indicate his wife’s important role in his this sentence, Obama uses lighthouse to indicate the future of American is Obama39。s inauguration speech has fully demonstrated the usage of bination of public speaking and writing styles with a highly contagious and students can learn a lot from reading and anglicizing this kind of classical article to make our writing and feeling of English culture better.第二篇：奧巴馬就職演講文體分析奧巴馬連任就職演講詞的文體學(xué)分析 作者：陳曉慶來源：《中小企業(yè)管理與科技中旬刊》2014年第03期摘要：本文運(yùn)用文體學(xué)的理論對2013年1月奧巴馬在美國國會山發(fā)表的連任就職演說進(jìn)行分析。通過對此演講稿的詞匯和句法兩個方面的分析，以力求了解本文的文體特征，更好的從難詞、人稱代詞、情態(tài)動詞、句長和被動語態(tài)幾個方面體現(xiàn)政治演講的特點(diǎn)。關(guān)鍵詞：文體學(xué) 演講 詞匯 語法 1 概述文體學(xué)是用語言方法研究文體風(fēng)格的學(xué)問。它以語言學(xué)的方法為工具對文學(xué)語篇進(jìn)行描述和解釋[1]。文體是指說話或?qū)懽鞯母裾{(diào)，它隨時變化，由具體情景、對象、地點(diǎn)、話題等因素而定[2]。對文體的定義有很多種，簡單可靠的定義是：文體是一個語篇的語言特征。任何實(shí)際可行的文體分析都必須選擇一些語言特征，同時放棄其他語言特征。要分析的語言特征是那些被稱為文體標(biāo)記（style marker）的突出文體特征。一般來說文體特征分四類：詞匯類、語法類、修辭手段、銜接和語境[3]。根據(jù)演講活動的性質(zhì)和特點(diǎn)的不同，演講從內(nèi)容上分為：政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、學(xué)術(shù)、道德、法律、宗教和軍事演講等。本文主要分析政治演講。政治演講，是指各階段、政黨或個人對國家內(nèi)政事務(wù)和對外關(guān)系，表明立場，闡明觀點(diǎn)、宣揚(yáng)主張的一種演講。如競選演講、施政演講、政治集會演講等。政治演講的特點(diǎn)為：①觀點(diǎn)鮮明；②邏輯嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)；③鼓動性強(qiáng)。本文選取2013年奧巴馬連任就職的演講詞作為分析對象，主要從詞匯和句法兩個方面進(jìn)行文體分析。以力求了解本文的文體特征，更好地理解政治演講的特點(diǎn)。2 文體學(xué)分析 詞匯層面按照二元論的分析方法，分析詞匯主要是看詞匯是否正式，詞匯的難易程度，單音節(jié)與多音節(jié)的數(shù)量，抽象名詞與具體名詞的數(shù)量，詞匯中描述動作的動詞與渲染性的形容詞的數(shù)量等等。然后再計算這些詞匯的出現(xiàn)頻率。第一個詞匯特征是此文難度指數(shù)屬于容易類。由于書面語是演講的特征之一，因此，一般來說其詞匯相對較復(fù)雜，在奧巴馬的演講詞中，全文的總字?jǐn)?shù)是2103個，其中難詞有8個，即三個音節(jié)以上的詞（不含專有名詞和因語態(tài)、時態(tài)和數(shù)而演變來的派生詞），%，其原因是要讓來自各個階層，有著不同文化程度的聽眾都能聽懂、理解。雖然難詞不多，其語言仍能顯示出正式和莊重；本文運(yùn)用the gunning fog index指數(shù)公式，來計算文章語言內(nèi)容的難度指數(shù)，公式為（fog index）=（h+l）其中，l=句子的平均長度；h=難懂的詞的百分比。得出本演講的難度指數(shù)=（8/2103+）=。由迷霧指數(shù)原理得出難度指數(shù)在10左右的語篇屬于容易類。所以，盡管本文語篇較長， 另一個詞匯特征是本文使用了大量的第一人稱代詞。此演講中三種人稱代詞都有所涉及，但第一人稱代詞的使用相對較多，其人稱代詞的使用情況如表1。表1 ■在這篇演講中，奧巴馬主要運(yùn)用了第一人稱代詞，主要是為了方便于表達(dá)自己的觀點(diǎn)和整體的概念。所用的169個第一人稱代詞中we（67個）、our（75個）、us（20個）、i（3個）、my（3個）、ourselves（1個）。在此文中奧巴馬多次運(yùn)用we和our增強(qiáng)了對美國國民集體身份的反復(fù)強(qiáng)化，加深了全民的共識，同時，演講者通過帶有傾向性或暗示性的語句向聽眾施加某種信仰和情感來激起感情并最終促使他們產(chǎn)生行動，演講中的感情示現(xiàn)增進(jìn)了美國民眾對奧巴馬政府的信賴，旨在為奧巴馬政府爭取更多的民意支持，實(shí)現(xiàn)了民族感情的集體共鳴。這種對感情的訴諸表達(dá)了作者對美國未來的憧憬之情和對美國歷史的緬懷之意，號召美國同胞擁抱與生俱來的永恒權(quán)利，珍愛未知的自由未來，激起美國公眾同舟共濟(jì)、珍惜自由之心，讓全國人民以更大的決心取得永恒的勝利。在這篇演講詞中，奧巴馬大量的使用了情態(tài)動詞，如表2所示：表2 ■表3對出現(xiàn)較多的情態(tài)動詞進(jìn)行分析：由表3可以看出，本文多使用情態(tài)動詞will、would（與will屬同類）%。奧巴馬多次使用語氣較為溫和、態(tài)度較為客觀的will和would，主要是為了能夠在表達(dá)自我政治主張的主觀意志和意愿時獲得聽眾的接受與支持。奧巴馬多次使用語氣堅定的must，是為了表達(dá)對自己