【正文】
本科生畢業(yè)設計(論文) I 摘 要 為工業(yè)機械手研制一個技術(shù)性能優(yōu)良的控制系統(tǒng),對于提高工業(yè)機械手的整體技術(shù)性能來說具有十分重要的意義。本論文正是針對這一課題,選擇了可編程控制器 (PLC)作為工業(yè)機械 手的控制系統(tǒng),這對提升工業(yè)機械手的整體技術(shù)性能起到了良好的作用。 本論文的控制對象是由三個搬運機械手組成的機械手群,每個機械手完成八個基本動作,三個機械手互相配合動作。機械手由氣缸驅(qū)動,氣缸受 電磁閥控制。限位開關(guān)檢測機械手是否到達固定位置。 可編程控制器 (PLC)控制每個機械手的動作,實現(xiàn)機械手群的自動運行。本論文 可編程控制器 (PLC)選 用 西門子 ( SIEMENS) 公司 S7–200 系列的 CPU224,并擴展了 EM221 數(shù)字量輸入模塊和 EM222 繼電器輸出模塊。 機械手 的開關(guān)量信號直接輸入 PLC, PLC 通過中間繼電器對電磁閥加以控制。 在軟件上,設計了主程序和子程序。主程序控制機械手群動作,子程序控制每個機械手動作。 本論文的重點放在 PLC 各硬件部分的設計和介紹、 PLC 梯形圖的編寫上。在整體設計過程中按照“提出問題,分析問題,解決問題”的主導思想,對整個系統(tǒng)的設計工作做出了細致的闡述。 關(guān)鍵詞: 可編程控制器 (PLC);氣動機械手; 梯形圖; CPU224; 本科生畢業(yè)設計(論文) II Abstract Develops a technical performance fine control system for the industry manipulator, regarding enhances the industry manipulator39。s overall technical performance to have the extremely vital significance. The present paper is precisely in view of this topic, chose programmable logical controller (PLC) to take the industry manipulator39。s control system, this to promoted the industry manipulator39。s overall technical performance to play the good role. The present paper controlled member is by three the manipulator group which transports the manipulator to be posed, each manipulator pletes eight elementary actions, three manipulators coordinate the movement mutually. The manipulator actuates by the air cylinder, air cylinder solenoid valve control. The limit switch examines the manipulator whether arrives the stationary position. The programmable logical controller (PLC) controls each manipulator39。s movement, realizes the manipulator group automatic movement. Present paper programmable logical controller (PLC) selects SIEMENS Corporation S7–200 series CPU224, and expanded the EM221 numeral quantity load module and the EM222 relay output module. Manipulator39。s switch quantity signal direct input PLC, PLC controls through the intermediate relay to the solenoid valve. On the software, has designed the master routine and the subroutine. The master routine controls the manipulator group movement, the subroutine controls each manipulator to act. The present paper key point places the PLC various hardware part the design and the introduction, in the PLC trapezoidal chart pilation. Defers to in the overall design process “asks the question, the analysis question, solves the problem” the guiding ideology, has made the careful elaboration to the overall system design work Key words : Programmable Logical Controller (PLC) ; Air Ooperated Mmanipulator; Trapezoidal Cchart; CPU224; 本科生畢業(yè)設計(論文) III 目 錄 第 1 章 緒 論 ........................................................................................................... 1 機械手的概念 ............................................................................................ 1 氣動機械手的簡介 .................................................................................... 1 氣動技術(shù) ......................................................................................... 1 氣動機械手 ..................................................................................... 2 氣動機械手的發(fā)展趨勢 ................................................................. 3 第 2 章 方案論證 ..................................................................................................... 4 機械手的設計 ............................................................................................ 4 氣動搬運機械手的結(jié)構(gòu) ................................................................. 4 氣動搬運機械手的工作原理 ......................................................... 4 氣動搬運機械手群 .................................................................................... 5 氣動搬運機械手群結(jié)構(gòu) ................................................................. 5 氣動搬運機械手群工作原理 ......................................................... 6 本論文的主要內(nèi)容及達到的目標 ............................................................ 6 本系統(tǒng)的控制方案 .................................................................................... 6 第 3 章 系統(tǒng)硬件電路的設計 ................................................................................. 8 PLC 的簡介 ................................................................................................ 8 可編程控制器的概念 ...................................................................... 8 PLC 的應用領(lǐng)域 ............................................................................. 8 PLC 的系統(tǒng)組成 ............................................................................. 9 PLC 的工作原理 ........................................................................... 11 輸入 /輸出信號 ......................................................................................... 13 PLC 的選型 .............................................................................................. 15 I/O 地址分配 ............................................................................................ 17 PLC 外部接線 .......................................................................................... 19 電氣控制原理 .......................................................................................... 23 第 4 章 軟件設計 ................................................................................................... 24 機械手 1 控制程序 .................................................................................. 24 機械手 2 控制程序 .................................................................................. 27 機械手 3 控制程序 .................................................................................. 30 本科生畢業(yè)設計(論文) IV 機械手群主程序 ...................................................................................... 33 第 5 章 結(jié)論 ........................................................................................................... 37 參考文獻 ................................................................................................................. 38 致 謝 ...........................