【正文】
本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計(論文) I 摘 要 目前 用于 學生宿舍 、公寓的電能計量控制系統(tǒng)在全國大部分高校中 已 普遍 使用, 但大部分采用 以房間為單位計費,然后均分到個人的計費方法,該方法 不能實現(xiàn)對學生個人用電計費,收費困難,易造成學生間的矛盾,因此 如何科學合理地對學生公寓進行電能管理是一個 亟 待解決的重要課題。 本 課題 分析了當前國內(nèi) 居民小區(qū) 和 學生宿舍 電能 計量 管理的現(xiàn)狀 , 根據(jù)學生公寓用電管理的實際情況,設(shè)計了一種帶身份識別的學生公寓電能 計量控制 系統(tǒng)。該系統(tǒng) 由現(xiàn)場級和管理級兩級組成 ,本文詳細闡述了現(xiàn)場級模塊的軟硬件設(shè)計方案 ?,F(xiàn)場級 以 專用電能計量芯片 AD7755 和帶有 A/D 轉(zhuǎn)換功能的微處理器80C196KB 以及身份識別電路( IC 卡預付電費電路) 為核心 ,實現(xiàn)個人用電計 量 、類阻性發(fā)熱負載 識別 、公寓用電情況的監(jiān)視 等 , 并 通過 RS485 與上層管理級 通信 ,完成對公寓用電情況的統(tǒng)計和 管理 。 本文的創(chuàng)新點在于先刷卡識別身份再用電的 管理 模式。 設(shè)計中給 宿舍內(nèi)的 用戶每人分配一條用電支路,用電時用戶先刷卡, 通過身份識別后, 該用戶的用電支路接通(通過繼電器控制通斷),其電源 插座可 插接電器 , 然后 系統(tǒng)將對其用電情況進行計量與控制。當用戶超過一定的時間未用電時,系統(tǒng)將自動關(guān)斷該用電支路,以 達 到節(jié)電、安全用電,并 防止其他用戶竊電 的目的。 本 系統(tǒng) 解決了 電 費均分難、 惡性負載識別難、用電情況實時監(jiān)測等問題,實現(xiàn)了學生公寓 用電 的現(xiàn)代化和自動化管理。 關(guān)鍵詞: 電量計量 ; 身份識別;惡性負載識別 ; IC 卡 本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計(論文) II Abstract University student hostels currently prevailing own apartment management, how scientific and reasonable for students villas Energy management is to be resolved into one of the important topics. This paper analyzes the domestic civilian and Area Energy Management System based on the status of student apartments and electricity management in the actual situation, A design with the identification of student apartments intelligent power management system. The system can spot and the management level two ponents. Field level through a dedicated power measurement and AD7755 chip with A/D conversion function of 80C196 embedded microprocessor KB and the identification circuit (IC circuit prepaid electricity) as the core personal consumption data measurement, Realtime dynamic type identification resistive heating load for the right side of the apartment monitor, investigate unusual electricity, thereby effectively limiting the use of students, such as faster heat, furnace son, incandescent easy use of fire appliances, Communication through the pletion of the apartment39。s electricity consumption statistics and published。 The upper management level PC at the core. through telephone lines or LAN munications at any time acquisition bottom PC data resources, through the pletion of various statistical database, analysis, can be kept informed of the entire campus apartment Finally, the harmonic grid data Energy and plete clearing business. This paper elaborates on the modulelevel design of software and hardware, antiinterference, IC card prepaid electricity circuit, Communication Protocol and vicious load identification theory, users must have the money to be put aside a certain amount of electricity to electricity, avoid the tariff arrears, when calculating the balance of the customer or have insufficient Arrearage. SCM is this balance of power failure or lack of alarm control。 The system also has a card to restore function, When the user less than the balance remaining tariffs, first alarm, and when users balance of a serious shortage of electricity, power outages to the user. Credit cards can be conducted at this time to restore electricity, and only credit once. Adoption of this study successfully resolved the difficult tariff equalization, vicious load identification difficult. electricity consumption to realtime monitoring, and 本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計(論文) III other problems that the student dormitories modernization and automation Energy Management Program. Key words: Electric Power Measurement; Identity Recognition; Malignant load identification; IC card 本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計(論文) IV 目 錄 第 1 章 緒 論 ........................................................................................................... 1 電能計量、管理概述 ................................................................................ 1 電能計量裝置 ................................................................................. 1 集中式電能計量、管理 ................................................................. 2 課題的背景及意義 .................................................................................... 3 本課題的設(shè)計任務與要求 ........................................................................ 4 第 2 章 方案設(shè)計與論證 ......................................................................................... 5 電能計量系統(tǒng)方案設(shè)計 ............................................................................ 5 身份識別(預付費)系統(tǒng)方案設(shè)計 ........................................................ 7 第 3 章 系統(tǒng)總體設(shè)計 ............................................................................................. 9 總體設(shè)計思想 ............................................................................................ 9 系統(tǒng)的總體結(jié)構(gòu)及原理方框圖 ................................................................ 9 第 4 章 系統(tǒng)硬件電路及工作原理 ....................................................................... 11 單片機及外圍電路設(shè)計 .......................................................................... 11 CPU的選擇 ................................................................................... 11 系統(tǒng)存儲器的擴展 ....................................................................... 12 電能計量電路的設(shè)計 .............................................................................. 14 電能計量的基本原理 ................................................................... 14 電能計量芯片 ADE7755 ............................................................. 15 電能計量的硬件電路 ................................................................... 19 電能存儲器 ................................................................................... 20 身份識別電路的設(shè)計 .............................................................................. 20 MF RC500 的特性 ........................................................................ 21 MF RC500 的內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu) ................................................................. 21 MF RC500 與單片機的接口 ......................................................... 22 MF RC500 與天線接口設(shè)計 ......................................................... 23 智能開關(guān)的設(shè)計 .............................................................................