【正文】
畢業(yè)設計 題 目 用超聲波實現(xiàn)智能小車中的探測系統(tǒng) 學 院 信息科學與工程學院 專 業(yè) 通信工程 班 級 學 生 學 號 指導教師 二〇一 一 年 五 月 二十 日 濟南大學畢業(yè)設計 I 摘 要 智能小車在火災救援等惡劣環(huán)境中比人有著諸多優(yōu)勢,那么研究設計一種能夠代替人的一種智能化的設備就有其研究以及應用的潛在價值。智能小車中的探測系統(tǒng)用超聲波的方法實現(xiàn),超聲波具有指向性強,能量消耗緩慢,傳播距離較遠等優(yōu)點。所以再利用傳感器技術和電子技術相結合的測距方案中,超聲波測距是目前應用最普遍的一種,另外它也廣泛應用于防盜、倒車雷達、水位測量、建筑施工工地以及一些工業(yè)現(xiàn)場。 本課題詳細介紹了超聲波傳感器的原理和特性,以及 Atmel 公司的 AT89C52 單片機的性能和特點,并在分析了超聲波測距的原 理 的基礎 上,指出了設計 倒車雷達 系統(tǒng)的思路和所需考慮的問題 。 給出了以 AT89C52 單片機為核心的低成本、高精度、微型化數(shù)字 倒車雷達 的硬件電路和程序設計方法。該系統(tǒng)電路設計合理、工作穩(wěn)定、性能良好、檢測速度快、計算簡單、易于做到實時控制,并且在測量精度方面能達到工業(yè)實用的要求。 關鍵詞 : 超聲波 ; 倒車雷達; 單片機 濟南大學畢業(yè)設計 I ABSTRACT Smart car has many advantages than people in fire rescue and other harsh environment, so the research and design an intelligent devices to replace the people have the potential value of their research and applications. The detection system in Smart car is realized by Ultrasonic method. Ultrasonic wave has strong pointing to nature, slowly energy consumption, propagating distance farther, so, in ultilizing the scheme of distance finding that sensor technology and electronic technology bine together, ultrasonic wave finds range to use the most general one at present. Additional, it also applies to guard angainst theft, move backward the radar, water lever measuring, building construction site and some industrial scenes extensively. This subject has intruduced principle and characteristic of the ultrasonic sensor in detail, and the performance and characteristic of Micro Controller Unit AT89C52 of Atmel Company, and on the basis of analyzing principle that ultrasonic wave finds range,the systematic thinking and questions needed to consider that have pointed out that designs and finds range. It provide low cost, the hardware circuit of high accuracy, ultrasonic range finder of miniature digital display and software design method taking AT89C52 as the core. This circuit of system is reasonable in design, working stability, performance good measuring speeding soon, calculating simple, apt to acplish realtime control, and can reach industry’s practical demand in measuring the precision. Key words : Ultrasonic wave; Micro Controller Unit; Range finding 濟南大學畢業(yè)設計 I 目 錄 摘要 .................................................................................................................................. 1 ABSTRACT .......................................................................................... 錯誤 !未定義書簽。 1 前言 ................................................................................................................................... 1 國內外研究現(xiàn)狀及存在的問題 .............................................................................. 1 選題 的 目的 和 意義 .................................................................................................. 1 設計內容 ................................................................................................................. 1 設計內容 分析 ............................................................................................... 1 預期 設計 結果 ................................................................................................ 1 2 超聲波傳感器 ................................................................................................................... 2 超聲波傳感器原理 和 特性 ..................................................................................... 2 測試 原理 ....................................................................................................... 2 超聲波 特性 ..................................................................................................... 3 超聲波傳感器好壞的 判斷 檢測 ............................................................................. 4 超聲波傳感器檢測物體的方式 ............................................................................. 4 超聲波傳感器的系統(tǒng) 結構 ..................................................................................... 5 3 AT89C52 單片機簡介 ..................................................................................................... 6 單片機的基礎知識 ................................................................................................. 6 單片機發(fā)展 階段 ........................................................................................... 7 單片機 應用范圍 ........................................................................................... 9 AT89C52 單片機的特性 ........................................................................................ 10 引腳功能介紹 ............................................................................................. 10 定時器 介紹 ................................................................................................. 13 中斷 介紹 ..................................................................................................... 15 4 超聲波測距系統(tǒng)的設計 ............................................................................................... 15 超聲波測距的基本原理 ....................................................................................... 15 超聲波測距的硬件系統(tǒng)設計 ............................................................................... 16 超聲波測距的軟件系統(tǒng)設計 ............................................................................... 19 5 超聲波測距系統(tǒng)的調試 ............................................................................................... 22 超聲波測距硬件系統(tǒng)的調試 ............................................................................... 22 超聲波測距軟件系統(tǒng)的調試 ............................................................................... 23 結論 ..................................................................................................................................... 26 參考文獻 .........................