【正文】 畢業(yè)論文（設(shè)計(jì)） 題目 格蘭云天酒店安全疏散 的安全性評(píng)價(jià)研究 學(xué) 號(hào) 姓 名 系 隊(duì) 專業(yè)（方向） 指 導(dǎo) 教 師 二○ 一一 年 五 月 武警學(xué)院本科畢業(yè)論文（設(shè)計(jì)） I 格蘭云天酒店安全疏散的安全性評(píng)價(jià)研究 摘 要 摘 要 ： 隨著社會(huì)的不斷發(fā)展和建筑技術(shù)的不斷進(jìn)步，高層酒店建筑大量涌現(xiàn)，由此帶來(lái)的火災(zāi)安全 問(wèn)題也日益凸顯。由于高層酒店火災(zāi)蔓延較快、疏散困難，一旦發(fā)生火災(zāi) ， 容易造成群死群傷事故和巨大的財(cái)產(chǎn)損失。 本文以格蘭云天酒店標(biāo)準(zhǔn)層為研究對(duì)象，用事件樹(shù)方法確定火災(zāi)場(chǎng)景，通過(guò) F DS 軟件對(duì)其進(jìn)行火災(zāi)模擬，確定了不同火災(zāi)場(chǎng)景下的允許疏散時(shí)間（ AS ET）；分別對(duì)火災(zāi)探測(cè)報(bào)警時(shí)間、預(yù)動(dòng)作時(shí)間、疏散行動(dòng)時(shí)間進(jìn)行分析，根據(jù)以往學(xué)者對(duì)安全疏散的研究確定了火災(zāi)探測(cè)報(bào)警時(shí)間和預(yù)動(dòng)作時(shí)間，利用 Build ing EXO DUS 軟件對(duì)火災(zāi)場(chǎng)景下的人員疏散進(jìn)行模擬，得到該酒店標(biāo)準(zhǔn)層人員疏散行動(dòng)時(shí)間，確定出安全疏散所需時(shí)間（ RS ET）。 模擬結(jié)果表明，當(dāng)自動(dòng)噴水滅火系統(tǒng)、排煙系統(tǒng)不能正常啟動(dòng)時(shí)，火災(zāi)煙氣迅速蔓延，給人員疏散造成嚴(yán)重威脅；當(dāng)自動(dòng)噴水滅火系統(tǒng)、 排煙系統(tǒng)均正常啟動(dòng)時(shí)，火災(zāi)煙氣流動(dòng)受到限制，給人員疏散創(chuàng)造了相對(duì)有利的條件。 袋形走道盡頭房間距最近安全出口距離雖滿足規(guī)范要求，但在特定火災(zāi)場(chǎng)景下該安全出口不能正常使用，其中的人員難以安全疏散。針對(duì)這一問(wèn)題，結(jié)合性能化火災(zāi)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估結(jié)果提出了該酒店標(biāo)準(zhǔn)層安全疏散的整改措施。 關(guān)鍵詞 酒店； 火災(zāi)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)； 火災(zāi)模擬； 安全疏散 武警學(xué)院本科畢業(yè)論文（設(shè)計(jì)） II Evaluation on the Evacuation Design of Greenland Hotel Abstract Abstract: With the development of society and improvement on the architecture technology, there are a large number of high rise hotels, which leads to many problems about fire safety. Due to the quickly flowing smoke and evacuation difficult y and so forth problems of these buildings, once fired, it is easy to result in mass injuries and huge property losses. In this paper, the evacuation design of the mon floor of Greenland Hotel is researched. The fire scenarios is d etermine d with event tree analys is. The AS ET in the different scenarios is determined by the simulation with the software of F DS .T d and tp re is got from the empirical value. The evacuation is simulated with the software of Building EXODUS to get tm o v e. Thus, RSET is determined. The result shows that when sprinkler system and smoke evacuation system cannot be started, the smoke flows quickly, threatening the evacuation safety. And when the two systems above is responded normally, it is good to the evacuatio n. The distance from the room located in the dead end to the close exit conforms to the requirements. However, the close exit cannot be used in some particular fire scenarios so that the safety of people is threatened. To solve the problem, this paper puts forwards the strategies according to the result of firerisk evaluation. Keywords hotel。 fire risk。 fire simulation。 evacuation 武警學(xué)院本科畢業(yè)論文（設(shè)計(jì)） III 目 錄 摘 要 ...................................................................................... I Abstract .................................................................................. II 目 錄 ................................................................................... III 1 緒論 ...................................................................................................... 1 研究背景 ....................................................................................... 1 研究目的和意義 ........................................................................... 1 國(guó)內(nèi)外研究動(dòng)態(tài) ........................................................................... 1 研究?jī)?nèi)容及主要研究方法 ............................................................ 2 2 高層酒店建筑火災(zāi)危險(xiǎn)性 ..................................................................... 3 火災(zāi)原因種類多 ........................................................................... 3 火災(zāi)荷載密度大 ........................................................................... 3 煙氣蔓延途徑多 ........................................................................... 3 人員疏散困難 ............................................................................... 3 3 性能化火災(zāi)危險(xiǎn)性評(píng)估方法概述 .......................................................... 5 AS ET 的計(jì)算 ................................................................................ 5 RS ET 的確定 ................................................................................ 7 火災(zāi)探測(cè)報(bào)警時(shí)間的確定 .................................................... 7 人員疏散準(zhǔn)備時(shí)間的確定 .................................................... 8 疏散行動(dòng)時(shí)間的確定 ........................................................... 9 4 案例評(píng)估 .............................................................................................. 11 工程概況 ...................................................................................... 11 性能化火災(zāi)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估 ...................................................................12 評(píng)估范圍及評(píng)估方法 ..........................................................12 防火安全目標(biāo) ......................................................................12 人員安全疏散評(píng)判標(biāo)準(zhǔn) .......................................................13 人員荷載的選取和計(jì)算 .......................................................13 疏散行動(dòng)參數(shù)設(shè)置 ..............................................................14 火災(zāi)場(chǎng)景設(shè)置 ......................................................................15 武警學(xué)院本科畢業(yè)論文（設(shè)計(jì)） IV AS ET 值的計(jì)算 ...................................................................16 RS ET 值的確定 ...................................................................19 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)層的安全評(píng)價(jià) .......................................................................20 提高格蘭云天酒店標(biāo)準(zhǔn)層安全疏散可靠性的對(duì)策研究 ...............21 5 結(jié)論與展望 ..........................................................................................23 結(jié)論 .........................................