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第一篇:英文詩歌賞析英語詩歌賞析方法英詩的欣賞:詩的格律、詩的押韻、詩的體式、詩的評判。詩以高度凝結(jié)的語言表達(dá)著人們的喜怒哀樂,用其特有的節(jié)奏與方式影響著人們的精神世界。詩講究聯(lián)想,運(yùn)用象征、比喻、擬人等各種修辭手法,形成了獨(dú)特的語言藝術(shù)。一、詩的格律“格律是指可以用腳打拍子的節(jié)奏”,是每個音步輕重音節(jié)排列的格式,也是朗讀時輕重音的依據(jù)。而音步是由重讀音節(jié)和非重讀音節(jié)構(gòu)成的詩的分析單位。重讀音節(jié)為揚(yáng)(重),在音節(jié)上用“-”或“?”標(biāo)示,非重讀音節(jié)為抑(輕),在音節(jié)上用“?”標(biāo)示,音步之間可用“/”隔開。以下是五種常見格式:(輕重格)Iambus:是最常見的一種格式,每個音步由一個非重讀音節(jié)加一個重讀音節(jié)構(gòu)成。As fair / art thou / my bon/nie lass,So deep / in luve / am I :And I / will luve / thee still,/ my dear,Till a` / the seas / gang dry:Robert Burns(17591796): My Luve Is like a Red,Red Rose注;art=are luve=love bonnie=beautiful a`=all gang=go上例中為四音步與三音步交叉,可標(biāo)示為:?-/?-/?-/(?-)(重輕格)Trochee:每個音步由一個重讀音節(jié)加一個非重讀音節(jié)構(gòu)成。下例中為四音步揚(yáng)抑格(少一個輕音節(jié)),可標(biāo)示為:-?/-?/-?/-Tyger!/ Tyger!/ burning / bright In the / forests / of the / night William Blake: The Tyger (輕輕重格)Anapaestic foot: 每個音步由兩個非重讀音節(jié)加一個重讀音節(jié)構(gòu)成。如:三音步抑抑揚(yáng)格??-/??-/??-Like a child / from the womb,Like a ghost / from the tomb,I arise / and unbuild / it (重輕輕格)Dactylic foot: 每個音步由一個重讀音節(jié)加兩個非重讀音節(jié)構(gòu)成。如:兩音步揚(yáng)抑抑格-??/-???Touch her not / ?scornfully,?Think of her / ? Hood(輕重輕格)Amphibrach:每個音步由一個非重讀音節(jié)加一個重讀音節(jié)再加一個非重讀音節(jié)構(gòu)成。如:三音步抑揚(yáng)抑格?-?/?-?/?-?下例中最后一個音步為抑揚(yáng)格。O ?hush thee / my ?babie / thy ?sire was / a ,格律解析對朗讀詩歌有一定參考價值?,F(xiàn)代詩中常不遵守規(guī)范的格律。二、詩的押韻押韻是指通過重復(fù)元音或輔音以達(dá)到一定音韻效果的詩歌寫作手法。:最常見,最重要的押韻方式。1)聯(lián)韻:aabb型。I shot an arrow into the air,It fell to earth,I knew not where;For,so swiftly it flew,the sightCould not follow it in its Wadsworth Longfellow: The Arrow and the Song2)交叉韻:abab型。Sunset and evening star,And one clear call for me!And may there be no moaning of the bar,When I put out to sea,Alfred Tennyson(18091892): Crossing the Bar3)同韻:有的詩押韻,一韻到底,大多是在同一節(jié)詩中共用一個韻腳。如下例就共用/i:p/為韻腳。The woods are lovely,dark and deep,But I have promises to keep,And miles to go before I sleep,And miles to go before I Frost(18741963): Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening:是指一行(節(jié))詩中幾個詞開頭的輔音相同,形成押韻。下例中運(yùn)用/f/、/b/與/s/頭韻生動寫出了船在海上輕快航行的景象。The fair breeze blew,the white foam flew,The furrow followed free,We were the first that ever burst Into that silent : Rime of the Acient Mariner (同元音):指詞與詞之間原因的重復(fù)形成的內(nèi)部押韻。下面一節(jié)詩中/i/及/iη/重復(fù)照應(yīng),呈現(xiàn)出一派歡樂祥和的氣氛。Spring,the sweet spring,is the year?s pleasant king;Then blooms each thing,then maids dance in a ring,Cold dath not sting,the pretty birds do sing:Cuckoo,jugjug,puwe,towittawoo!Thomas Nashe(15671601): Spring,the Sweet Spring三、詩的體式有的詩分成幾節(jié)(stanza),每節(jié)由若干詩行組成(每行詩均以大寫字母開頭);有的詩則不分節(jié)。目前我們常見的詩體有:(Sonnet),源于中世紀(jì)民間抒情短詩,十三、十四世紀(jì)流行于意大利,意大利彼特拉克(Petrarch)為代表人物,每行十一個音節(jié),全詩一節(jié)八行,加一節(jié)六行,韻腳用abba,abba,cdcdcd(cdecde)。前八行提問,后六行回答。后來,懷亞特(ThomasWyatt,15031542)將十四行詩引人英國,五音步抑揚(yáng)格,全詩三個四行一個二行,前三節(jié)提問,后二句結(jié)論。斯賓塞(EdmundSpenser,15521599)用韻腳 abab,bcbc,cdcd,(WilliamShakespeare,15641616)用韻腳abab,cdcd,dfdf,gg,稱英國式或莎士比亞式。舉例見本文第四部分。(Limericks):通常是小笑話甚至是胡謅,一般沒有標(biāo)題也無作者姓名,含有幽默諷刺性,常運(yùn)用雙關(guān),內(nèi)韻等手法。每首詩五個詩行,押韻為aabba,格律以抑揚(yáng)格和抑抑揚(yáng)格為主。1)There was a young lady of NiggerWho smiled as she rode on a tiger;They returned from the rideWith the lady inside,And the smile on the face of the )A tutor who taught on the fluteTried to teach two tooters to toot,“Is it harder to toot,orSaid the two to the tutor,To tutor two tooters to toot?“(Blank Verse):五音步抑揚(yáng)格,不押韻詩體。Across the watery bale,and shout again,Responsive to his call,and gazedbut little thoughtWhat wealth the show to me had brought:For oft,when on my couch I lieIn vacant or in pensive mood,They flash upon that inward eyeWhich is the bliss of solitude;Ans then my heart with pleasure fills,And dances with the : a crowd,a host of: many sprightly:happy glee:joyjocund:happy bliss:plete happiness pensive:sadly thoughtful華茲華斯(WilliamWordsworth,17701850),十九世紀(jì)初英格蘭北部湖區(qū)三大“湖畔派詩人”(浪漫主義)之一。此詩向我們描繪了一幅美好的自然景象,同時抒發(fā)作者對自然美景的喜歡。黃水仙據(jù)說是威爾士國花(1282年,威爾士歸順英格蘭,被封公國),在英國廣泛栽種,春季開花,花期不長。有許多關(guān)于黃水仙的詩歌,這首詩無疑是脫穎而出的。全詩語言精煉,通俗易懂,四音步抑揚(yáng)格,分四節(jié)(stanza),每節(jié)6行,偶遇水仙;第二節(jié)寫水仙爭相開放,千姿百態(tài);第三節(jié),詩人看到這景象感到欣喜異常;第四節(jié)寫詩人在日后憂郁時,回想當(dāng)時情景,又讓他心中充滿了歡樂,隨著水仙跳起舞來。 of MyselfI celebrate myself,and sing myself,And what I assume you shall assume,F(xiàn)or every atom belonging to me as good belongs to loafe and invite my soul,I learn and loafe at my ease observing a spear of summer tongue,every atom of my blood,form?d from this soil,this air,Born ere of parents born here from parents the same,and their parents the same,I,now thirty seven years old in perfect health begin,Hoping to cease not till and schools in abeyance,Retiring back a while sufficed at what they are,but never harbor for good or bad,I permit to speak at every without check with original : a spear of: a piece of school:學(xué)說,流派 hazard:chanceabeyance: the condition of not being in use for a certain time惠特曼(Walt Whitman,18191892),美國詩人。此詩選自其巨著。本文是Song of Myself 一詩的第一部分,采用自由詩體,語言接近當(dāng)時的美國口語。文中I指作者,you指讀者,這種寫法使讀者身臨其境,進(jìn)入作者描寫的世界。作者在文中表明人的價值是平等的,同時他把自己融入到自然帶給他的啟發(fā)思考中。從上看出,詩歌的欣賞評判并非可望而不可及,關(guān)鍵要抓住詩中的意象,了解其語義,以便把握詩的大意??v然每個人的讀后感會有不同,但每個人都會在閱讀過程中感受到詩歌帶來的美和精神上的共鳴。第二篇:雪萊詩歌英文賞析雪萊,是英國文學(xué)史上最有才華的抒情詩人之一。以下是小編整理的雪萊詩歌英文賞析,歡迎閱讀!OzymandiasI met a traveller from an antique landWho said: Two vast and trunkless legs of stoneStand in the them on the sand,Half sunk, a shattered visage lies, whose frownAnd wrinkled lip and sneer of cold mandTell that its sculptor well those passions readWhich yet survive, stamped on these lifeless things,The hand that mocked them and the heart that on the pedestal these words appear:39。My name is Ozymandias, King of Kings:Look on my works, ye mighty, and despair!39。Nothing beside the decayOf that colossal wreck, boundless and bare,The lone and level sands stretch far 奧茲曼迪亞斯(楊絳 譯)我遇見一位來自古國的旅人他說:有兩條巨大的石腿半掩于沙漠之間近旁的沙土中,有一張破碎的石臉抿著嘴,蹙著眉,面孔依舊威嚴(yán)想那雕刻者,必定深諳其人情感那神態(tài)還留在石頭上而斯人已逝,化作塵煙看那石座上刻著字句:“我是萬王之王,奧