【正文】 I 中圖分類(lèi)號(hào)： 學(xué)號(hào)： 南陽(yáng)師范學(xué)院 本科畢業(yè)論文 論文題目： 生態(tài)批評(píng)視域中的《呼嘯山莊》 作 者： 指導(dǎo)教師： 學(xué) 院： 外 國(guó) 語(yǔ) 學(xué) 院 專(zhuān) 業(yè)： 英 語(yǔ) 班 級(jí)： 二〇一三 年 三 月 II 生態(tài)批評(píng)視域中的《呼嘯山莊》 南陽(yáng)師范學(xué)院 外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)院 英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)業(yè) 申請(qǐng)文學(xué)學(xué)士學(xué)位 畢業(yè)論文 作 者： 指導(dǎo)教師： III Wuthering Heights from Ecocritical Perspective A Thesis Submitted to English Department, School of Foreign Languages, Nanyang Normal University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Arts By Supervisor： IV Acknowledgements I would like to thank all those who have given me their generous help, mitment and enthusiasm, which have been the major driving force to plete the current paper. Especially I would like to take this chance to express my sincere gratitude to my supervisor, , who is my supervisor as well as an excellent teacher in our Foreign Language School for her kindly assistance and valuable suggestions during the process of my thesis writing. Her willingness to give her time so generously has been very much appreciated. My gratitude also extends to my classmates and peer friends, for their encouragement and support for the pletion of this thesis. V 摘 要 艾米莉勃朗特是英國(guó)維多利亞時(shí)期一位杰出的作家，她的杰作《呼嘯山莊》被公認(rèn)為英國(guó)最杰出的小說(shuō)之一。 一百多年來(lái)，學(xué)術(shù)界對(duì)《呼嘯 山莊》從 不同角度進(jìn)行過(guò)研究。然而，從生態(tài)批評(píng)角度對(duì)其進(jìn)行研究卻寥寥無(wú)幾。本文從生態(tài)批評(píng)的角度來(lái)解讀《呼嘯山莊》中自然與文明的關(guān)系，二者之間的相互斗爭(zhēng)，相互交融，最終達(dá)到和諧統(tǒng)一的天人合一狀態(tài)。 生態(tài)批評(píng) 自誕生以來(lái) 因其強(qiáng)烈的現(xiàn)實(shí)性而大受追捧。本文運(yùn)用生態(tài)批評(píng)的方法闡釋兩家人在斗爭(zhēng)中最終走向和諧的過(guò)程， 反映了回歸自然融入自然，人與自然和諧相處，人與人和諧相處的生態(tài)哲思。 除此之外， 精神生態(tài)理論認(rèn)為人的心靈健康是生態(tài)平衡的重要因素。沒(méi)有良好的精神家園，必然會(huì)造成大自然的生態(tài)平衡。 這對(duì)當(dāng)今建設(shè)生態(tài)文明，建設(shè)和諧社會(huì)具有一定的啟蒙作用。 關(guān)鍵詞： 《呼嘯山莊》 ； 生態(tài)批評(píng) ； 自然與文明 ；回歸自然和回歸自我 ；社會(huì)生態(tài)和 精神生態(tài) VI Abstract Emily Bronte was a brilliant writer in Victorian Period. Her work, Wuthering Heights, is generally considered a masterpiece that stands outside the mainstream of Victorian Literature. As time passed by, her novel Wuthering Heights, has gained more and more attention. Scholars study it from different views. However, few critics have done from the perspective of Ecocriticism. My thesis tries to apply ecocriticism to analyze the relationship between nature and culture, with elaboration on how their conflicts lead to the loss of selves and how their balance helps bring back the harmony and the modern revelation embodied in this novel. Since its debut, ecocriticism is popular with critics because it concerns much about reality. According to ecocritical integrity, this thesis holds that in spite of conflict and struggle, nature and civilization can arrive at the harmony through conflicting development, which forcefully attacks the idea maintained by ecological pessimists that nature and civilization could never coexist harmoniously. That is to say, the novel reflects the idea of returning to nature and integrating with nature, and keeping a harmonious relationship between man and nature. Otherwise, ecologists hold that man should have a sound mind in order to lead a wellbalanced life. Meanwhile, the upsetting of spiritual balance will lead to the unbalancing of the whole ecology, which has the enlightening and profound significance for constructing a harmonious society. Key Words: Wuthering Heights。 Ecocriticism。 nature and civilization。 returning to nature。 social and spiritual ecology VII Contents Acknowledgements ............................................................................. I 摘要 ..................................................................................................... II Abstract ............................................................................................. III Contents ............................................................................................. V 1. Introduction .................................................................................... 1 Literature Review and the Current Studies .............................. 1 Ecocriticism ......................................................................... 2 2. Confliction between Nature and Culture .......................................... 3 The Symbol of the Wilderness ................................................ 3 Description of the Wilderness that Reflects the Confliction between Nature and Culture ............................................... 5 Nature as Wuthering Heights .................................................... 5 Culture as Thrshcross Grange ................................................. 7 3. The Distorted Relationships in Wuthering Heights: The Crisis of Social Ecology ............................................................................................ 8 Alienation .............................................................................. 8 The Loss of Self: the Crisis of Spiritual Ecology ..................... 9 Catherine’s Identification with Nature ........................... 10 Catherine’s Betrayal of Her Identification ...................... 11 4. Rehabilitation through Returning to Nature ................................... 13 Heathcliff’s and Catherine’s Eventual Return to Nature .......... 13 The Second Generation’s Identification with Nature ............... 14 Return to Nature: The Way Out for Civilization ..................... 15 VIII Conclusion ........................................................................................... 18 Bibliography ........................