【正文】 畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)說(shuō)明書 用于光纖傳感的激光器波長(zhǎng)控制器的設(shè)計(jì)與開發(fā) 清華 大學(xué) 20xx 屆畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)說(shuō)明書 用于光纖傳感的激光器波長(zhǎng)控制器的設(shè)計(jì)與開發(fā) 摘要 隨著光纖傳感系統(tǒng)智能化的發(fā)展，對(duì)光纖傳感系統(tǒng)中的激光器工作性能的要求越來(lái)越高，需要對(duì)激光器的工作狀態(tài)進(jìn)行實(shí)時(shí)監(jiān)測(cè)和控制，特別是建立基于計(jì)算機(jī)的數(shù)字化控制方式的激光器波長(zhǎng)控制器實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)激光器的波長(zhǎng)控制，對(duì)光纖傳感系統(tǒng)的實(shí)現(xiàn)具有重要意義。將虛擬儀器技術(shù)運(yùn)用于光纖傳感系統(tǒng)當(dāng)中正符合光纖傳感技術(shù)智能化的發(fā)展方向，同時(shí)利用計(jì)算機(jī)強(qiáng)大的軟件功能提高光纖傳感系統(tǒng)開發(fā)效率和降低開發(fā)成本。因此，本文采用虛擬儀器軟件開發(fā)平臺(tái)對(duì)激光器波長(zhǎng)控制器進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì)與開發(fā)。 首先，本文首先對(duì)光纖傳感技術(shù)的國(guó)內(nèi)外發(fā)展概況作了簡(jiǎn)要介紹，從光纖傳感的 原理出發(fā)論述了光纖傳感系統(tǒng)的基本組成。在此基礎(chǔ)上，著重介紹了光纖傳感系統(tǒng)中常用光源 —— 分布反饋式激光器，詳細(xì)闡述了分布反饋式激光器的結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)、工作原理以及波長(zhǎng)調(diào)諧特性，并對(duì)激光控制器作了介紹。 其次，根據(jù) ITC4001 激光控制器的功能特性，結(jié)合虛擬儀器技術(shù)， 建立了一套基于LabVIEW 虛擬儀器技術(shù)的激光器波長(zhǎng)控制器軟件系統(tǒng)。該軟件系統(tǒng)可分為三大部分，第一部分用于建立激光控制器與 PC 機(jī)之間的通信；第二部分用于 讀取和控制 激光器各參數(shù)；第三部分是系統(tǒng)最重要的組成部分，用于實(shí)現(xiàn)激光器波長(zhǎng)的讀取和反饋控制。最終根據(jù)以 上三部分各功能模塊，設(shè)計(jì)了相應(yīng)的虛擬儀器軟件界面。 最后，通過搭建的光纖傳感系統(tǒng)實(shí)驗(yàn)測(cè)試平臺(tái)， 驗(yàn)證 了基于 虛擬儀器技術(shù)的 激光器波長(zhǎng)控制軟件系統(tǒng)的可行性。 關(guān)鍵詞： 光纖傳感，激光器波長(zhǎng)控制，虛擬儀器， LabVIEW 清華 大學(xué) 20xx 屆畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)說(shuō)明書 Design and Development of Laser Wavelength Controller for Fiber Optical Sensor Abstract With the development of intelligent fiberoptic sensor system, the laser with higher performance is required, and the operation condition of the laser is demanded to be realtime monitored and controlled. To that end, it is of special importance to develop a laser wavelength controller based on digitized control mode of puters. The application of virtual instrument technology in fiberoptic sensor system meets the trend of development of fiber optical sensing technique toward intelligence. Moreover, puter’s powerful software function helps to improve the efficiency and decrease the cost of development. Therefore, the laser wavelength controller based on virtual instrument is designed and developed in this paper. First of all, the development of fiber optical sensing technique at home and abroad is introduced. Then the basic ponents and the theoretical principle of a fiberoptic sensor system is described. On these base, the distributed feedback (DFB) laser, the monly used light source in a fiberoptic sensor system, is emphatically introduced with a detailed description of its structure, working principle, and wavelength tuning property. Also the controller of the DFB laser is introduced. Next, according to the functions of the ITC4001 laser diode/TEC controller and the virtual instrument technology, a software system for the wavelength controller of the DFB laser based on LabVIEW virtual instrument technology is built. The software system consists of three parts. The first part is to build munication between PC and laser controller. The second part is for reading and controlling parameters of the laser. The third part, the most important part of the system, is for laser wavelength reading and feedback control. Virtual instrument software interfaces are designed based on the functional modules of the three parts respectively. 清華 大學(xué) 20xx 屆畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)說(shuō)明書 Finally, the experimental setup for fiberoptic sensor system is built, and the feasibility of virtualinstrumenttechnologybased laser wavelength control software system is experimentally demonstrated. Key words: fiberoptic sensor， laser wavelength control， virtual instrument， LabVIEW 清華 大學(xué) 20xx 屆畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)說(shuō)明書 第 I 頁(yè) 共 II 頁(yè) 目 錄 1 引言 ............................................................ 1 本課題提出的背景及意義 ........................................ 1 國(guó)內(nèi)外發(fā)展概況 ................................................ 2 光纖傳感技術(shù)國(guó)內(nèi)外發(fā)展概況 .................................. 2 智能化光纖傳感國(guó)內(nèi)外發(fā)展概況 ................................ 3 虛擬儀器技術(shù) ................................................ 4 本課題主要研究?jī)?nèi)容 ............................................ 5 2 激光器波長(zhǎng)控制的原理和方法 ...................................... 7 光纖傳感系統(tǒng) .................................................. 7 光纖傳感系統(tǒng)概述 ............................................ 7 光纖傳感光源 ................................................ 8 DFB 激光器 ..................................................... 8 DFB 激光器簡(jiǎn)介 ............................................... 8 波長(zhǎng)調(diào)諧 ................................................... 10 激光控制器 ................................................... 11 激光控制器簡(jiǎn)介 ............................................. 11 ITC4001 激光控制器 .......................................... 12 3 激光器波長(zhǎng)控制器的軟件設(shè)計(jì) ..................................... 14 軟件系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)原理 ............................................. 14 軟件系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)思路 ........................................... 14 基于虛擬儀器軟件系統(tǒng)的儀器控制理論 ......................... 15 基于 LabVIEW 的激光器波長(zhǎng)控制器軟件系統(tǒng) ....................... 16 建立連接模塊設(shè)計(jì) ........................................... 17 開關(guān)控制模塊設(shè)計(jì) ........................................... 19 工作模式設(shè)定模塊設(shè)計(jì) ....................................... 20 光功率、激光電流、溫度讀取與設(shè)置模塊設(shè)計(jì) ................... 22 激光二極管調(diào)制設(shè)置模塊設(shè)計(jì) ................................. 24 清華 大學(xué) 20xx 屆畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)說(shuō)明書 第 II 頁(yè) 共 II 頁(yè) 波長(zhǎng)掃描模塊設(shè)計(jì) ........................................... 26 PID 控制模塊設(shè)計(jì) ............................................ 28 虛擬儀器界面設(shè)計(jì) ............................................. 32 4 實(shí)驗(yàn)測(cè)試系統(tǒng) ................................................... 34 實(shí)驗(yàn)測(cè)試系統(tǒng)的組成 ........................................... 34 實(shí)驗(yàn)測(cè)試 ..................................................... 35 波長(zhǎng)掃描模塊實(shí)驗(yàn)測(cè)試 ....................................... 35 PID 控制模塊實(shí)驗(yàn)測(cè)試 ........................................ 37 5 全文總結(jié) ....................................................... 41 參考文獻(xiàn) .......................................................... 42 致謝 .............................................................. 49 清華 大學(xué) 20xx 屆畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)說(shuō)明書 第 1 頁(yè) 共 49 頁(yè) 1 引言 本課題提出的背景及意義 20 世紀(jì) 70年代 ， 伴隨著光導(dǎo)纖維及光纖通信技術(shù)的發(fā)展而發(fā)展起來(lái)一種以光為載體、光纖為媒介，感知和傳輸外界 （ 被測(cè)量 ）信號(hào)的新型傳感技術(shù) —— 光纖傳感技術(shù) [1,2]。光纖傳感技術(shù)一問世就受到極大重視，特別是在 光纖通信 的蓬勃帶動(dòng)下， 隨著半導(dǎo)體光電技術(shù) 以及計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)等相關(guān)技術(shù)的進(jìn)步，光纖傳感技術(shù)迅速發(fā)展 [3]。 作為現(xiàn)代傳感領(lǐng)域的重要分支，光纖傳感展現(xiàn)出許多優(yōu)異的性能，如徑細(xì)、質(zhì)輕、柔順、抗拉；耐水、耐腐蝕、耐高溫、耐輻射、耐電磁干擾、對(duì)被測(cè)量場(chǎng)無(wú)干擾；傳送頻帶寬、信息容量大、傳輸損耗低，適合遙測(cè)遙控；對(duì)外界環(huán)境變化敏感，