【正文】 畢業(yè)設(shè)計 I 摘要 棉花營養(yǎng)缽育苗移栽是具有中國特色的植棉手段之一，在我國內(nèi)陸棉區(qū)已得到較大規(guī)模的推廣應(yīng)用。實現(xiàn)棉花機械化精密播種是進行棉花工廠化制缽育苗的關(guān)鍵，但是近些年來，對棉花種子尤其是光籽棉種機械化精播的研究及相關(guān)設(shè)備幾乎是空白。本文在對多種播種裝置的比較研究的基礎(chǔ)上，提出了電磁振動式棉花精密播種的思想。 為了實現(xiàn)光籽棉種的單粒精播，設(shè)計了電磁振動式棉花精密播種裝置，該裝置主要包括電磁振動排種器、分流回收裝置和缽盤輸送機構(gòu)。通過對電磁振動排種器工作原理的分析，得出了實現(xiàn)種子連續(xù)前移的條件，在此基礎(chǔ)上完成了對電磁 振動排種器的參數(shù)選擇，在保證棉種單列有序排列的前提下，完成了排種盤基本結(jié)構(gòu)尺寸的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計；根據(jù)棉種的形狀尺寸設(shè)計出了孔的形狀尺寸和分流裝置的結(jié)構(gòu)形式。應(yīng)用 PLC 編程技術(shù)，控制各個工作機構(gòu)的協(xié)調(diào)順序動作，實現(xiàn)了種子的單粒精密播種。 為了使得排種裝置能夠以一種較好的排種速度進行排種，在實驗室里較為理想的條件下，進行了大量的試驗，找出了影響排種速度的因素，得出了排種速度隨著它們的變化規(guī)律，確定了它們的取值范圍。在此基礎(chǔ)上，通過正交試驗，分析了分流通道傾角、輸出電壓和工作頻率對播種質(zhì)量（單粒率、空穴率）的影響效果， 得到了它們的最優(yōu)組合，給出了各個指標(biāo)隨三個因素的變化規(guī)律。 關(guān)鍵詞： 棉花 電磁振動 精密播種 控制 畢業(yè)設(shè)計 II ABSTRACT Growing and transplanting seedling of cotton, which is one of Chinese cotton planting methods has been widely applied and popularized throughout the cotton planting areas in o ur country. The key process of industrialized bowlmaking and growing of cotton is the realization of mechanically precision seeding, but the study on the technology and equipment of mechanically precision seeding of cottonseed is still blank. In this paper, electromagic vibration precision theory used in cotton precision seeding was put forward firstly. Electromagic vibration cotton precision seeder was designed to realize precision seeding of bare cottonseed. This seeder was posed of three parts, which were electromagic vibration feeder, diffluent device and bowl feeding device. Through theory analysis of the feeder, the continuous slippage condition of cottonseed was gained, which provided theory base for the design of electromagic vibration feeder. And on the base of ordinal singleline of cottonseed the structure dimensions of electromagic vibration feeder were got. According to the figure and dimension of cottonseed, the figure and dimension of hole and diffluent device was designed. PLC was applied to control the harmonious action of all working parts, and precision seeding was achieved. A lot of experimental tests were carried out to find out the better feeding velocity, and the changing disciplinarian of feeding velocity along with the obliquity of diffluent device and output voltage was gained. Experimental tests were carried out to measure effects of several factors, including the obliquity of diffluent device and output voltage and the working frequency. According to the experimental data, the better level of the three variables, their better bination and the varied curves of performance index were received. Key words: cotton。electromagic vibration。precision。seeding。control 畢業(yè)設(shè)計 目錄 第 1 章 緒 論 .................................................................................................................... 1 研究的目的和意義 ............................................................................................. 1 常見的幾種精密播種裝置 ................................................................................ 2 課題主 要研究內(nèi)容及關(guān)鍵點 ............................................................................ 3 研究內(nèi)容 ................................................................................................... 3 關(guān)鍵點 ....................................................................................................... 4 第 2 章 電磁振動式棉花精密播種裝置的設(shè)計 .............................................................. 4 電磁振動播種裝置的整體設(shè)計方案 ................................................................ 4 電磁振動式棉花精密排種器的設(shè)計 ................................................................. 5 結(jié)構(gòu)及工作原理 ....................................................................................... 5 種子的受力分析 ...................................................................................... 7 種子的運動分析 ...................................................................................... 9 排種器主要參數(shù)設(shè)計 ............................................................................. 10 排種盤基本結(jié)構(gòu)尺寸 ............................................................................ 11 排種盤材料及尺寸確定 ........................................................................ 13 彈簧常數(shù)的確定 .................................................................................... 13 分流回收裝置的設(shè)計 ........................................................................................ 13 分流通道的基本結(jié)構(gòu)及動作過程 ......................................................... 14 孔的設(shè)計 ................................................................................................ 15 電磁鐵和彈簧 的選擇 ............................................................................ 17 缽盤輸送機構(gòu)的設(shè)計 ........................................................................................ 17 機架的設(shè)計 ......................................................................................................... 18 其它附屬設(shè)備 .................................................................................................... 19 第 3 章 結(jié) 論 .................................................................................................................. 19 結(jié)束語 .............................................................................................................................. 20 參考文獻 ...........................................................