【正文】 本 科 畢 業(yè) 設(shè) 計(jì)（論 文） 題目 長(zhǎng) 撐桿雙瓣四索抓斗的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)與優(yōu)化 學(xué)生姓名 學(xué) 號(hào) 指導(dǎo)教師 學(xué) 院 機(jī)電學(xué)院 專 業(yè) 機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)制造及其自動(dòng)化 交稿日期 2021 年 4 月 30 日 教務(wù)處制 長(zhǎng)撐桿雙瓣四索抓斗的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)與優(yōu)化 I 長(zhǎng)撐桿雙瓣四索抓斗的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)與優(yōu)化 摘 要 抓斗 的發(fā)明是人類歷史上的一種進(jìn)步，從使用大量勞動(dòng) 力來(lái)搬運(yùn)物品到現(xiàn)在只需要一個(gè)起重機(jī)司機(jī)操作抓斗來(lái)抓取物品。節(jié)約 額外的勞動(dòng)力和 卸貨 時(shí)間，還 很大程度上 提升 了 抓斗工作 的效率。 但是 目前在使用的礦石抓斗的抓獲 效率不是很大，所以 想要通過(guò)復(fù)合函數(shù)循環(huán)求解 的方法 改進(jìn)參數(shù) ，提 升 抓斗的抓獲力，從而提高抓獲 效率。 具體的方法是：先是根據(jù) 實(shí)習(xí)工作中的 經(jīng)驗(yàn)和通過(guò)查閱一些相關(guān)資料，制定需要 設(shè)計(jì)的抓斗的噸位和抓取物料，確定抓斗設(shè)計(jì)需要的一些主要參數(shù)，然后對(duì)抓斗主要的部件進(jìn)行分析與設(shè)計(jì)，在設(shè)計(jì)過(guò)程中最主要的是散料的特性和抓斗本身的參數(shù)確 定。再對(duì)主要部件，如軸，軸承，鍵，顎板等部件進(jìn)行強(qiáng)度的校核。根據(jù)計(jì)算出來(lái)的抓斗的數(shù)據(jù)，用 INVENTOR 制圖軟件建立一套簡(jiǎn)易的抓斗模型。最后，編寫(xiě)程序， 用 C 語(yǔ)言 對(duì)抓斗 的抓取 力進(jìn)行了 研究，以抓斗閉合繩拉力 生成 的抓取力 作 為目標(biāo)函數(shù)，將設(shè)計(jì)好的抓斗參數(shù) 通過(guò)數(shù)學(xué) 方法 變成 函數(shù) 方程 。為了避免 抓斗結(jié)構(gòu)強(qiáng)度 不達(dá)標(biāo)的情況 發(fā)生 ， 所以要改進(jìn)四索 抓斗的主要參數(shù)，改 正了 從前只 通過(guò) 工作 經(jīng)驗(yàn) 來(lái) 選取抓斗的參數(shù)，使抓斗抓取 力比原方案 提升 10%。根據(jù)優(yōu)化之后的 參數(shù)，再 出抓斗主要 圖紙 ，如上下承梁，斗體，平衡架，撐桿的工程圖和裝配圖。 關(guān)鍵詞： 抓斗，參數(shù)化，模型， C 語(yǔ)言 長(zhǎng)撐桿雙瓣四索抓斗的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)與優(yōu)化 II The Structural Design and Optimization of The Grab with Long Poles, TwoJaw and FourRope Abstract The invention of the grab bucket is a kind of progress in the history of mankind, from using a large amount of labor to carry items to only need a clamshell crane driver operation to grab objects now. Save the extra labor and auxiliary time, and also greatly improve the efficiency of loading and unloading. But I think the grab efficiency of the ore grab is not very big, So I want to improve grab grasping force through parameter optimization to improve the efficiency of scraping. The specific method is: First, it based on the internships that I work in the experience and access to some related information to formulate the tonnage and capture materials of the grab that I will design. To make sure some major parameters that grab design needs. Then analyze and design the main ponents of grab, In the design process， the most important things are the characteristics of bulk material and parameters determination of a grab itself. Afterwards, I check the strength of the main parts, such as shaft, bearing, key, jaw and so on. According to the grab data that calculated with， then using the inventor mapping software to establish a simple model of the grab bucket. At last, write a program and use MATLAB to analyze the grab force, To grab a closed rope tension produced by grasping force as objective function, front already will design the grab parameter transformed as the linear equation. Under the condition of ensure the structural strength of grab, optimizing the key parameters of grab with long poles double jaw plate. Revised the key parameters of grab design that based on the experience in the past ,and improve the grasping force of 20% more than the original plan. According to the data after the optimization, draw a grab main ponents, such as upper and lower beam, the bucket body, balance, poles of engineering drawing and assembly drawing. Key Words: Grab, Parameter, Model, C language 長(zhǎng)撐桿雙瓣四索抓斗的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)與優(yōu)化 III 目 錄 ......................................................................................................................................... 1 抓斗的概述 ................................................................................................................... 1 國(guó)內(nèi)外的研究現(xiàn)狀 ....................................................................................................... 2 國(guó)外研究現(xiàn)狀 ..................................................................................................... 2 國(guó)內(nèi)研究現(xiàn)狀 ..................................................................................................... 2 ..................................................................................................................... 4 抓斗的結(jié)構(gòu)組成 ........................................................................................................... 4 抓斗的工作原理 ........................................................................................................... 4 抓斗的方案制定 ........................................................................................................... 6 3．抓斗的總體設(shè)計(jì) .................................................................................................................. 7 抓斗自重的確定及其分配 ........................................................................................... 7 確定抓斗的顎板寬度 B 和最大開(kāi)度 Lm ................................................................... 8 顎板寬度 B 的確定 ............................................................................................ 8 最大開(kāi)度 Lm 的確定 ......................................................................................... 9 抓斗的其他幾何參數(shù) ................................................................................................... 9 確定顎板的側(cè)面形狀和尺寸 ..................................................................................... 10 顎板的底倍角 ................................................................................................... 10 顎板側(cè)板的上緣邊線與水平線夾角 ? ........................................................... 10 顎板側(cè)板的面積 ............................................................................................... 10 側(cè)板形狀作圖 ................................................................................................... 10 確定開(kāi)閉滑輪組倍率 ................................................................................................. 12 選擇鋼絲繩 ................................................................................................................. 12 確定并繪制抓斗總體結(jié)構(gòu)尺寸的簡(jiǎn)圖（閉合狀態(tài)和張開(kāi)狀態(tài)） ......................... 13 運(yùn)動(dòng)學(xué)分析 ................................................................................................................. 15 主要參數(shù)匯總 ............................................................................................................. 16