【正文】 Engineering Master Degree Dissertation of Chongqing University The Hazards identification and control of Production Safety in Construction Master Degree Candidate: Sun Junwei Supervisor： Prof. Yan Wei Pluralistic Supervisor： Prof. Senior Zaifu Major: Construction and Civil Engineering College of Civil Engineering of Chongqing University, Chongqing, China. October 2020 摘 要 安全生產(chǎn)是社會(huì)文明和進(jìn)步的重要標(biāo)志，是國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)穩(wěn)定運(yùn)行的重要保障， 是堅(jiān)持以人為本安全理念的必 然要求，是堅(jiān)持人與自然和諧發(fā)展的前提條件。建 筑業(yè)從業(yè)人數(shù)眾多，建設(shè)工程規(guī)模巨大。搞好建設(shè)工程的安全生產(chǎn)關(guān)系著千萬(wàn)人 民群眾的生命和財(cái)產(chǎn)安全，是實(shí)踐 “三個(gè)代表 ”重要思想，認(rèn)真落實(shí)黨 “十七大 ”提出 以科學(xué)發(fā)展觀為指導(dǎo)，全面建立小康社會(huì)宏偉目標(biāo)的具體體現(xiàn)。 本文將圍繞建筑施工中的危險(xiǎn)源管理展開(kāi)系統(tǒng)研究。從施工環(huán)境、作業(yè)人員、 建筑材料、施工機(jī)械設(shè)備、施工技術(shù)和工藝、施工管理等各個(gè)方面，運(yùn)用系統(tǒng)科 學(xué)的分析方法去研究，辨識(shí)工程項(xiàng)目施工中的危險(xiǎn)源，把握其特點(diǎn)，尋找其規(guī)律， 對(duì)危險(xiǎn)源進(jìn)行分析辨別，劃分危險(xiǎn)等級(jí)，確定危 險(xiǎn)源的控制范圍并對(duì)危險(xiǎn)源進(jìn)行 有針對(duì)性的預(yù)防和控制。 首先，本文從項(xiàng)目的特點(diǎn)和項(xiàng)目施工的特點(diǎn)分析了施工項(xiàng)目的系統(tǒng)危險(xiǎn)性特 點(diǎn)，指出了施工項(xiàng)目系統(tǒng)危險(xiǎn)性的固有性、脆弱性和時(shí)效性及多維度特征，要求 在管理過(guò)程中把握全面、動(dòng)態(tài)和預(yù)先分析的思路。 其次，論文對(duì)不同階段的危險(xiǎn)源管理技術(shù)展開(kāi)討論，施工項(xiàng)目安全規(guī)劃階段 的本質(zhì)安全化危險(xiǎn)源管理技術(shù)、危險(xiǎn)源初始辨識(shí)技術(shù)、施工日常安全管理過(guò)程中 的危險(xiǎn)源自辨識(shí)、動(dòng)態(tài)辨識(shí)及事故發(fā)生和緊急狀態(tài)下的應(yīng)急管理技術(shù)。從而將危 險(xiǎn)源納入事前預(yù)控、過(guò)程監(jiān)控和緊急狀況下的預(yù)警和應(yīng)急處置等全方 位預(yù)防控制 中。 再次，本文在施工項(xiàng)目系統(tǒng)危險(xiǎn)源管理方法技術(shù)研究中，注重了危險(xiǎn)源辨識(shí) 技術(shù)和危險(xiǎn)源分類方法上的創(chuàng)新： ① 危險(xiǎn)源辨識(shí)技術(shù)上的創(chuàng)新。將項(xiàng)目管理的思想和危險(xiǎn)源管理思想有機(jī)融合 , 用安全網(wǎng)絡(luò)計(jì)劃技術(shù)，明確危險(xiǎn)源管理的工作系統(tǒng)范圍 ,實(shí)踐的角度對(duì)危險(xiǎn)源進(jìn)行 全面辨識(shí)，既保證系統(tǒng)性和全面性，又保證重點(diǎn)突出。 ② 危險(xiǎn)源分類方法上的創(chuàng)新。從系統(tǒng)的角度來(lái)審視工程項(xiàng)目危險(xiǎn)源，充分發(fā) 揮企業(yè)層面和項(xiàng)目層面對(duì)危險(xiǎn)源的不同側(cè)重點(diǎn)的把握。將危險(xiǎn)源分為全局性危險(xiǎn) 源和局部性危險(xiǎn)源，對(duì)不同類型的危險(xiǎn)源，采用不同的方法予以危險(xiǎn) 等級(jí)劃分。 ③ 安全網(wǎng)絡(luò)計(jì)劃技術(shù)創(chuàng)新。將網(wǎng)絡(luò)計(jì)劃技術(shù)運(yùn)用到施工項(xiàng)目危險(xiǎn)源管理中， 一方面為應(yīng)用項(xiàng)目管理技術(shù)進(jìn)行危險(xiǎn)源管理拓展了思路；另一方面，為施工項(xiàng)目 危險(xiǎn)源管理有效進(jìn)行動(dòng)態(tài)控制和 PDCA循環(huán)提供了技術(shù)手段。 最后，論文還探索了施工項(xiàng)目危險(xiǎn)源的應(yīng)急管理方法和危險(xiǎn)源管理信息系統(tǒng) 兩個(gè)方面內(nèi)容。提出了施工項(xiàng)目應(yīng)急管理分級(jí)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、構(gòu)思了施工項(xiàng)目應(yīng)急危險(xiǎn)源 I 應(yīng)急管理框架。同時(shí)，銜接國(guó)家最新的緊急事態(tài)應(yīng)急管理體系建設(shè)規(guī)劃要求，積 極倡導(dǎo)施工項(xiàng)目應(yīng)急能力建設(shè)，提出了基于計(jì)算機(jī)信息技術(shù)和互聯(lián)網(wǎng)絡(luò)技 術(shù)的國(guó) 家級(jí)和企業(yè)級(jí)危險(xiǎn)源管理信息系統(tǒng)平臺(tái)框架和基于該系統(tǒng)平臺(tái)的核心危險(xiǎn)源動(dòng)態(tài) 辨識(shí)系統(tǒng)和系統(tǒng)危險(xiǎn)性評(píng)價(jià)系統(tǒng)等專家決策支持系統(tǒng)的技術(shù)框架。 關(guān)鍵詞： 建筑施工，安全生產(chǎn)，危險(xiǎn)源，辨識(shí)，控制 II Abstract The production safety is an important symbol of civilization and development of the society, the important guarantee of the stabilization running of the country economy, the necessity requires and precondition of harmonious development of human beings and nature. The quantity of people in construction enterprises is numerous. And the engineering scale is very magnitude. So the production safety of construction engineering is related to the safety of hundreds of thousands of people and their properties. And it is the concrete embody of “three delegate” and affluent society, and also the essential of “the 17’th convention”which introduced the science developing viewpoint. The paper will center on the hazard management of construction engineering to make a systematic research. It is study on the hazaeds’ characteristic in construction project by syetenmatic, from construction environment, operating personnel, building material, construction machinery equipment, construction technology, construction management and so on, to make a hazards identification and control by grasping hazards’ characteristic and making sure the range the hazards control. Firstly, this study has analysed the the characteristic of the hazads in congstruction project froom the characteristic of the project and its construction. And then pointed out the characteristic of intrinsic, weakly, timely and multidimensional of the hazards in construction project, and required an overall, dynamic and advanced analysis in the process of the management. Secondly, this paper has investigated the technology of hazards management in the different stage, including the technology of natural safety and initial identifying of hazard in the stage of planning safety, and the selfidentification, dynamic identification, merfency management in the stage of naturally safety amangement of construction project. Lastly, this paper has made an important study on the innovation of hazads identification and the classification of hazards: ① The innovation on the hazard identification. Combined the thought of project management and hazards management, adopted a technology of safety work planning, and definition the extent of the hazard management, to identification the hazards practically, which assured both the systematic and the stand out of the key III points. ② The innovation on the method of hazard should survey the hazard from the view of the entire system. So we may take advantage of all levels of the enterprises and project to catch the key point of the hazard. The hazards can be divided into overall hazard and partial hazard. And take different measures to classificate the different hazard. ③ The innovations on the safety work planning. We applied the technology of safe work planning to the c hazard management of onstruction project. It could open up the thinking of the project management of the hazard。 on the other hand, it provides one measure to dynamic control and use PDCA circle system in the hazard management of the construction project. Finally, the paper has also surveyed the measures and the information system of emergemcy management of hazard in the construction project, it has pointed out the classification standard and the management framework of the emergency management. And it met the new requirements of the country construction emergency management system. It shows the hazard information system platform of a country level and enterprise level baseing on puter IT and work technology, and a echnology framework of hazards dynamic identification and dangerous evaluation which is expert decisided. Key Words: Construction, Production Safety, Hazards Identification, Hazards Control, Emergency Management IV 目