【正文】 中文摘要 摘 要 在工程實(shí)踐中，經(jīng)常會(huì)遇到各種需要測量轉(zhuǎn)速的場合，測量轉(zhuǎn)速的方法分為模擬式和數(shù)字式兩種。模擬式采用測速發(fā)電機(jī)為檢測元件，得到的信號(hào)是模擬量。數(shù)字式通常采用光電編碼器，霍爾元件等為檢測元件，得到的信號(hào)是脈沖信號(hào)。隨著微型計(jì)算機(jī)的廣泛應(yīng)用，特別是高性能價(jià)格比的單片機(jī)的出現(xiàn)，轉(zhuǎn)速測量普遍采用以單片機(jī)為核心的數(shù)字式測量方法。 本文便是運(yùn)用 AT89C51 單片機(jī)控制的智能化轉(zhuǎn)速測量儀。電機(jī)在運(yùn)行過程中，需要對其進(jìn)行監(jiān)控，轉(zhuǎn)速是一個(gè)必不可少的一個(gè)參數(shù)。本系統(tǒng)就是對電機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)速進(jìn)行測量，并可以和 PC 機(jī)進(jìn)行通信，顯示電機(jī)的 轉(zhuǎn)速，并觀察電機(jī)運(yùn)行的基本狀況。 本設(shè)計(jì)主要用 AT89C51 作為控制核心，由霍爾傳感器、 LED 數(shù)碼顯像管、NE55 L298N、運(yùn)算放大器等構(gòu)成。詳細(xì)介紹了單片機(jī)的測量轉(zhuǎn)速系統(tǒng)。充分發(fā)揮了單片機(jī)的性能。本文重點(diǎn)是測量速度并顯示。 其優(yōu)點(diǎn)硬件是電路簡單，軟件功能完善，測量速度快、精度高、控制系統(tǒng)可靠，性價(jià)比較高等特點(diǎn)。 關(guān)鍵字 ： MSC51（單片機(jī)）；轉(zhuǎn)速檢測；傳感器。 英文摘要 Abstract In the project practice, we will meet each kind to need frequently to survey the rotational speed the situation, the survey rotational speed method divides into the simulation type and the digital two kinds. The simulation type uses measured that the fast generator is the detecting element, obtains the signal simulates the quantity. Digital usually uses the electrooptical encoder, the Hall part and so on is the detecting element, obtains the signal is the signal impulse. Along with microputer39。s widespread application, specially high performance price pared to monolithic integrated circuit39。s appearance, the tachometric survey uses generally take the monolithic integrated circuit as the core digital measuring technique I graduated from the Design of the issue is control of the intelligent use of SCM speed measuring instrument. The system is the motor speed measurement, and PC and can municate that the motor speed, and to observe the motor running the basic situation. The main design AT89C51 control as the core, by the Hall sensor, LED digital CRT, NE555, and L298. Detailed measurements of the speed of the SCM system. Give full play to the performance of the SCM. This paper is to measure the speed and displayed in four LED digital pipe. The advantage of a simple hardware and software capabilities improve, measuring speed, high precision and control system reliable, costeffective and so on. Keyword： MSC51(Onechip puter)； Speed Detection； Tachometer 目錄 目錄 第 1 章 緒 論 ....................................................................................................... 1 課題研究的開發(fā)背景 ........................................................................................ 1 課題設(shè)計(jì)的意義 ................................................................................................ 3 設(shè)計(jì)內(nèi)容和要求 ................................................................................................ 4 第 2 章 系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì) ................................................................................................. 5 控制器設(shè) 計(jì) ......................................................................................................... 5 測轉(zhuǎn)速傳感器的設(shè)計(jì) ......................................................................................... 5 電機(jī)驅(qū)動(dòng)調(diào)速模塊的設(shè)計(jì)： ............................................................................. 6 ： ...................................................................................... 6 顯示模塊設(shè)計(jì) ..................................................................................................... 7 系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)綜述 ..................................................................................................... 7 第 3 章 系統(tǒng)硬件設(shè)計(jì) ....................................................................................... 9 系統(tǒng)主要硬件簡介 ............................................................................................. 9 AT89C51 單片機(jī)簡介 .............................................................................. 9 設(shè)計(jì)系統(tǒng)中所用其他芯片簡介 ............................................................ 16 光電傳感器簡介 .................................................................................... 19 TLC2543 介紹 ........................................................................................ 20 電機(jī)驅(qū)動(dòng)電路設(shè)計(jì) ........................................................................................... 22 L298N 的介紹 ........................................................................................ 22 第 4 章 系統(tǒng)軟件設(shè)計(jì)及調(diào)試 ....................................................................... 24 測速系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì) ................................................................................................... 24 測速程序設(shè) 計(jì) ........................................................................................ 26 A/D 轉(zhuǎn)換程序設(shè)計(jì) ................................................................................. 27 電機(jī)驅(qū)動(dòng)程序設(shè)計(jì) ................................................................................ 29 鍵盤程序的設(shè)計(jì) .................................................................................... 30 顯示程序的設(shè)計(jì) .................................................................................... 30 統(tǒng)測試結(jié)論 ....................................................................................................... 31 目錄 系統(tǒng)調(diào)試 .......................................................................................................... 31 硬件調(diào)試 ............................................................................................... 31 軟件調(diào)試 ............................................................................................... 33 綜合調(diào)試 ............................................................................................... 34 故障分析與解決方案 ........................................................................... 35 第 5 章 總結(jié)與展望 .......................................................................................... 37 設(shè)計(jì)總結(jié) ........................................................................................................... 37 展望 .................................................................................................................. 38 參考文獻(xiàn) ................................................................................................................. 39 致 謝 .