【正文】 1 畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)說明書 (論文 ) 學(xué) 院： 自動(dòng)化工程學(xué)院 班 級(jí)： 自動(dòng) 106 專 業(yè)： ? 自動(dòng)化 □測(cè)控技術(shù)與儀器 所 在 系：□控制科學(xué)與工程 □儀器科學(xué)與技術(shù) 題 目： 基于 DCS的熱工系統(tǒng)協(xié)調(diào)控制設(shè)計(jì)研究 摘 要 I 摘 要 火電廠單元機(jī)組協(xié)調(diào)控制系統(tǒng)是一個(gè)多變量被控對(duì)象，具有非線性強(qiáng)、參數(shù)時(shí)變大、遲延等特性，針對(duì)這些特性，需要對(duì)機(jī)組進(jìn)行解耦控制，然后對(duì)控制算法進(jìn)行改進(jìn)，使系統(tǒng)更加穩(wěn)定的運(yùn)行。 常規(guī)的自動(dòng)調(diào)節(jié)系統(tǒng)是汽輪機(jī)和鍋爐分別控制。隨著單元機(jī)組容量的 不斷增大、電網(wǎng)容量的增加和電網(wǎng)調(diào)頻、調(diào)峰要求的提高以及機(jī)組自身穩(wěn)定（參數(shù)）運(yùn)行要求的提高，常規(guī)的自動(dòng)調(diào)節(jié)系統(tǒng)已很難滿足單元機(jī)組既參加電網(wǎng)調(diào)頻、調(diào)峰又穩(wěn)定機(jī)組自身運(yùn)行參數(shù)這兩個(gè)方面的要求，因此必須將汽輪機(jī)和鍋爐視為一個(gè)統(tǒng)一的控制對(duì)象進(jìn)行協(xié)調(diào)控制。機(jī)爐的控制特性有相當(dāng)大的差別，鍋爐是一個(gè)熱慣性大、反應(yīng)很慢的控制對(duì)象，而汽輪機(jī)相對(duì)地是一個(gè)慣性小、反應(yīng)很快的控制對(duì)象。 協(xié)調(diào)控制系統(tǒng)就是充分考慮機(jī)爐控制特性的差異以及各自的特點(diǎn)，采取某些措施（如引入某些前饋信號(hào)、協(xié)調(diào)信號(hào)），讓機(jī)爐同時(shí)按照電網(wǎng)符合的要求變化，接受外部負(fù) 荷指令，根據(jù)主要運(yùn)行參數(shù)的偏差，協(xié)調(diào)地進(jìn)行控制，從而在滿足電網(wǎng)負(fù)荷要求的同時(shí)，保證主要運(yùn)行參數(shù)的穩(wěn)定。 關(guān)鍵詞 ： DCS 系統(tǒng)；協(xié)調(diào)控制；負(fù)荷控制 東北電力大學(xué)自動(dòng)化工程學(xué)院學(xué)士學(xué)位論文 II Abstract Thermal power plant unit coordinated control system is a multi variable object, with strong nonlinearity, timevarying parameters, delay and other characteristics, according to these characteristics, the need for decoupling control on the unit, then the control algorithm was improved, which made the system more stable operation. Automatically adjust the conventional system of turbine and boiler control. With the unit capacity increasing, increase the capacity of power grid and power FM, peaking requirements increase and the unit itself (parameters) operation requirements increase, automatic regulating system routine has been difficult to meet the unit in both grid frequency, peak and stable unit operation parameters of these two requirements, and therefore must be the steam turbine and boiler as a unified control object coordination control. There is a considerable difference control characteristics of turbine and boiler, boiler is a large thermal inertia, the reaction is very slow control object, and the steam turbine is relatively a low inertia, quick response to the control object. Coordinated control system is considering the different control characteristics of boiler and their respective characteristics, to take certain measures (such as the introduction of some feedforward signal, signal coordination), let the machine stove at the same time according to the power which meet the requirements of the change, accept the load instruction outside, according to the deviation of main operational parameters, control and coordination, so as to satisfy the load requirements of the power grid, to ensure the stability of main operation parameters. Key words： DCS system； Coordinated control； Load control目 錄 目錄 摘 要 ...................................................................................................................................... I Abstract ................................................................................................................................... II 第 1 章緒論 ......................................................................................................................... 1 課題意義與背景 ................................................................................................... 1 單元機(jī)組協(xié)調(diào)控制系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)目的 ................................................................... 1 單元機(jī)組協(xié)調(diào)控制系統(tǒng)的研究現(xiàn)狀 ............................................................. 2 第 2 章控制系統(tǒng)概述 ......................................................................................................... 3 發(fā)電廠協(xié)調(diào)控制系統(tǒng)的基本概念及特點(diǎn) ........................................................... 3 單元機(jī)組自動(dòng)控制的功能及特點(diǎn) ....................................................................... 3 協(xié)調(diào)系統(tǒng)控制方式 ............................................................................................... 4 機(jī)跟爐方式 ................................................................................................ 4 爐跟隨方式 ................................................................................................ 5 機(jī)爐協(xié)調(diào)方式 ............................................................................................ 5 第 3 章單元機(jī)組燃燒與傳熱過程 ..................................................................................... 7 爐內(nèi)燃燒與管道傳熱 ........................................................................................... 8 汽輪機(jī)做功過程 .................................................................................................. 9 控制系統(tǒng)對(duì)模型精度要求 ................................................................................. 10 第 4 章年協(xié)調(diào)控制系統(tǒng)的基本原理及實(shí)現(xiàn) ................................................................... 12 協(xié)調(diào)控制系統(tǒng)的基本原理 ................................................................................. 12 間接能量平衡協(xié)調(diào)控制系統(tǒng)介紹 ..................................................................... 13 補(bǔ)償鍋爐側(cè)擾動(dòng)的機(jī)跟爐協(xié)調(diào)系統(tǒng) ..................................................... 13 補(bǔ)償汽機(jī)側(cè)擾動(dòng)的機(jī)跟爐協(xié)調(diào)系統(tǒng) ..................................................... 15 實(shí)現(xiàn)雙向補(bǔ)償?shù)臋C(jī)跟爐協(xié)調(diào)系統(tǒng) ......................................................... 15 補(bǔ)償鍋爐側(cè)擾動(dòng)的爐跟機(jī)協(xié)調(diào)系統(tǒng) ...................................................... 16 補(bǔ)償汽機(jī)側(cè)擾動(dòng)的爐跟機(jī)協(xié)調(diào)系統(tǒng) ..................................................... 17 實(shí)現(xiàn)雙向補(bǔ)償?shù)臓t跟機(jī)協(xié)調(diào)系統(tǒng) ......................................................... 17 單元協(xié)調(diào)控制系統(tǒng)組成 .................................................................................... 18 第 5 章協(xié)調(diào)系統(tǒng)工程實(shí)現(xiàn) ............................................................................................... 21 負(fù)荷的形成 ......................................................................................................... 21 東北電力大學(xué)自動(dòng)化工程學(xué)院學(xué)士學(xué)位論文 鍋爐主控制器 ..................................................................................................... 24 汽輪機(jī)主控制器 ................................................................................................. 24 控制方式 ......................................................................................................