【正文】 I 基于 PLC 控制的變頻調(diào)速在橋式起重機(jī)中的應(yīng)用論文 摘 要 橋式起重機(jī)是一種常用的貨物運(yùn)輸工具，被廣泛的應(yīng)用于工廠、碼頭、倉庫中。橋式起重機(jī)是現(xiàn)代工業(yè)生產(chǎn)中重要的載物工具，為國民生產(chǎn)做出了重大的貢獻(xiàn)。因此，用戶對橋式起重機(jī)的安全性、高效性也非常高。傳統(tǒng)的橋式起重機(jī)采用的是轉(zhuǎn)子串聯(lián)電阻的方式經(jīng)行對橋式起重機(jī)的控制。這樣的控制系統(tǒng)存在著效率底下、可靠性差、操作復(fù)雜、耗能巨大、維修困難等缺點(diǎn)。 為了讓橋式起重機(jī)更符合當(dāng)前的生產(chǎn)需求，采用新型的控制系統(tǒng)代替原有轉(zhuǎn)子回路串聯(lián)電阻的調(diào)速系統(tǒng)成為從事相關(guān)行業(yè)專家的研究課題 。近年來電力電子技術(shù)的不斷發(fā)展，變頻技術(shù)也得到了極大的進(jìn)步。變頻器調(diào)速技術(shù)越來越被廣泛的應(yīng)用于各個領(lǐng)域，特別是應(yīng)用于一些重型機(jī)械中提高了這些機(jī)械的整體性能，能夠解決系統(tǒng)中存在的諸多缺陷。 本文結(jié)合了變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)，提出了基于 P LC 下控制變頻調(diào)速系統(tǒng)來實(shí)現(xiàn)對橋式起重機(jī)的控制。系統(tǒng)采用人機(jī)界面實(shí)現(xiàn)操作員和 P LC的通信，從而達(dá)到對橋式起重機(jī)的運(yùn)行控制和故障監(jiān)測。提高了系統(tǒng)運(yùn)行的精準(zhǔn)度、安全性以及系統(tǒng)的智能程度。 關(guān)鍵詞： 橋式起重機(jī) 變頻器 可編程控制器 II ABSTRACT Bridge crane is a kind of mon goods transport, has been widely used in factories, docks, warehouses. Bridge crane is the modern industrial production important slide in the tool, efficiency is very high. Traditional bridge crane USES is the manner in which the rotor series resistance of the line of control of the bridge crane. Under such control systems there is efficiency, poor reliability, maintenance difficulties shortings and so on. In order to make the bridge crane more in line with the current production demand, adopting new type of control system instead of the original rotor loop series resistance speed control system bee experts engaged in related industry. In recent years the continuous development of power electronic technology. Frequency converter speed regulation technology is more and more widely applied in various fields, especially applied to some heavy machinery to improve the mechanical performance of the whole, can solve many defects existing in the system. This article bines the frequency control technology, frequency control of motor speed control system based on PLC is put forward to realize the control of the bridge crane. System operators and PLC is realized by using the man machine interface of munication, so as to achieve control over the operation of the bridge crane and fault III monitoring. To improve the precision of the system operation, safety, and intelligent degree of the system. Keywords: bridge crane freque ncy converter programmable controller 目錄 摘 要 ................................................................................................I ABS TRAC T ...................................................................................... II 第 1 章 緒論 ...................................................................................... 1 題目的意義 .......................................................................... 1 國內(nèi)外發(fā)展情況概述 ............................................................ 2 本文設(shè)計的主要內(nèi)容 ............................................................ 6 第 2 章 變頻調(diào)速控制原理 ................................................................ 7 變頻調(diào)速的基本原理 ............................................................ 7 基頻以下調(diào)速 ............................................................. 8 基頻以上調(diào)速 ............................................................. 8 變頻器 .................................................................................. 9 變頻器類型 ................................................................. 9 變頻器的用途 ............................................................. 9 變頻器的基本機(jī)構(gòu) .................................................... 10 變頻器的控制電路 .................................................... 10 變頻調(diào)速的控制方法 .......................................................... 12 恒壓頻比控制 ............................................................ 12 矢量控制 .................................................................... 12 轉(zhuǎn)差率控制 ................................................................ 13 變級對數(shù)控制 ............................................................ 13 傳統(tǒng)的串電阻調(diào)速和變頻器調(diào)速的比較 ............................ 14 第 3 章 橋式起重機(jī)頻調(diào)速系統(tǒng)設(shè)計 ............................................... 16 橋式起重機(jī)的基本結(jié)構(gòu) ...................................................... 16 總體設(shè)計方案 ..................................................................... 17 起重機(jī)設(shè)計要求 ................................................................. 20 IV 電機(jī)、變頻器和常用輔件的選擇 ....................................... 22 電機(jī)的選擇 ................................................................ 22 變頻器的選用 ............................................................ 24 輔助部件的選用 ......................................................... 28 第 4 章 可編程控制器在橋式起重機(jī)變頻器控制系統(tǒng)中的應(yīng)用 ...... 29 可編程控制器的概述及其組成 ........................................... 29 可編程控制器概述 ..................................................... 29 可編程控制的結(jié)構(gòu)組成 ............................................. 31 本文中可編程控制器的選用及其特點(diǎn) ................................ 34 施耐德 Twido 系列和西門子 S 7200 系列的特點(diǎn) ........ 34 兩種 P LC 的選擇 ....................................................... 36 變頻調(diào)速起重機(jī)控制系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計 ....................................... 37 調(diào)速系統(tǒng)的基本要求和 I/O 分配 ............................... 37 電氣控制系統(tǒng)原理圖 ................................................. 42 各機(jī)構(gòu)的安全保護(hù)和檢測 .................................................. 45 起升機(jī)構(gòu)安全保護(hù)及檢測 .......................................... 45 小車行走機(jī)構(gòu)安全保護(hù)及檢測 .................................. 45 壓電安全保護(hù)及檢測 ................................................. 46 第 5 章 橋式起重機(jī)系統(tǒng)軟件設(shè)計 ................................................... 47 西門子 P LC 軟件的編程及其編程 ...................................... 47 P LC 編程軟件概述 ..................................................... 47 程序設(shè)計 ................................................................... 48 觸摸屏的軟件設(shè)計 ............................................................. 54 組態(tài)軟件 .................................................................... 54 觸摸屏界面設(shè)計 ......................................................... 55 抗干擾措施 ......................................................................... 56 結(jié) 論 ..