【正文】 基于無線通信的輸電桿塔振動識別單元設計 I 基于無線通信的輸電桿塔振動識別單元設計 摘 要 隨著我國電力事業(yè)的快速發(fā)展，輸電線路網(wǎng)絡大面積鋪設，并呈現(xiàn)出桿塔多、線路長的特征。輸電桿塔大多處在復雜的野外自然環(huán)境，并且具有高聳入云的特殊結(jié)構(gòu)。一旦輸電桿塔遭到破壞，將導致電力供應中斷，影響工農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)及人民群眾的正常生活，嚴重時會導致火災等次生災害，造成無法挽回的經(jīng)濟損失。因此，桿塔振動分析及監(jiān)測具有重要的研究價值和使用價值。 本文研究的主要內(nèi)容：針對輸電桿塔高聳入云的特殊結(jié)構(gòu)及其所處的特殊外部環(huán)境，設計一種輸電線路桿塔振動狀態(tài)識別單元。具體方法：在輸電 桿塔上安裝振動傳感器，采集輸電桿塔受外部異物撞擊時的振動信號。信號經(jīng)調(diào)理電路處理后，送入單片機進行處理。采樣得到的振動數(shù)據(jù)信息，經(jīng)傅里葉變換（ FFT）后，得到振動信號的振動頻率及其對應的幅值，將其作為振動特征參數(shù)，判斷輸電桿塔的振動情況。同時利用無線通信 ZigBee 技術(shù)將監(jiān)測結(jié)果實時地發(fā)送至遠端的主站。 經(jīng)仿真實驗及實踐分析表明，輸電桿塔振動識別單元準確性高，監(jiān)測距離長，具有較強的抗干擾能力。桿塔振動識別單元具有重要的研究意義和現(xiàn)實價值。 關(guān)鍵詞： 輸電線路桿塔 ； 快速傅里葉變換 (FFT)； ZigBee 技術(shù) ； 振動檢測 基于無線通信的輸電桿塔振動識別單元設計 II Abstract With the rapid development of China’s power industry, transmission line work shows the characteristics of having more tower and longer cable. Transmission towers are mostly in plex natural environment, and having a special structure high into the air. Once the transmission towers are destroyed, it will cause power outages, and will influence industrial and agricultural production and people39。s normal life, even will lead to serious secondary disasters such as fire, resulting in irreparable economic losses. Therefore, the tower vibration analysis and monitoring has important research value and use value. The main content of this paper: in view of the special structure of the transmission tower high into the sky and the special external environment around it, a transmission line tower vibration state recognition unit is designed. Specific methods: vibration sensors are installed on transmission tower, collecting the vibration signals when transmission tower is hit by objects from outside. After processed by adjusting circuit， signals are sent into the microcontroller for processing. It will get the vibration frequency and the corresponding amplitudes after Fourier transform (FFT) of the sampled Vibration data, as vibration characteristic parameters to determine the vibration transmission tower. At the same time using the ZigBee wireless munication technology, the monitoring results in realtime will be sent to the remote host. The simulation experiments and practical analysis have showed that the transmission tower vibration identification unit has the features of high accuracy, long distance monitoring and strong antiinterference ability. Tower vibration identification unit has important research significance and practical value. Key words： Transmission line tower； Fast Fourier transform(FFT)； ZigBee； Vibration detection 基于無線通信的輸電桿塔振動識別單元設計 III 目 錄 1 緒論 ...................................................................................................................................... 1 課題研究的意義 ............................................................................................................ 1 國內(nèi)外發(fā)展與現(xiàn)狀 ........................................................................................................ 1 本文主要研究內(nèi)容 ........................................................................................................ 2 2 輸電桿塔振動識別單元的整體設計方案 .......................................................................... 3 輸電桿塔振動識別單元的硬件設計方案 .................................................................... 3 傳感器 ..................................................................................................................... 4 微處理器 ................................................................................................................. 5 無線通信 ................................................................................................................. 5 電源轉(zhuǎn)換模塊 ......................................................................................................... 6 軟件設計方案 ................................................................................................................ 8 本章總結(jié) ........................................................................................................................ 8 3 輸電桿塔振動識別單元的硬件實現(xiàn) ................................................................................ 10 系統(tǒng)電源設計 .............................................................................................................. 10 IAS2W 系列 DCDC 轉(zhuǎn)換器 ...............................................................................11 AS1117 芯片電路連接圖 ......................................................................................11 MC1403 電路連接圖 ............................................................................................ 12 振動信號調(diào)理電路設計 .............................................................................................. 12 放大電路設計 ....................................................................................................... 12 濾波電路設計 ....................................................................................................... 13 限幅電 路設計 ....................................................................................................... 14 加法電路設計 ......................................................................... 錯誤 !未定義書簽。 微處理器芯片外圍電路設計 ...................................................................................... 15 JTAG 調(diào)試接口 .................................................................................................... 16 晶體振蕩電路 ....................................................................................................... 16 通訊模塊的實現(xiàn) .......................................................................................................... 16 本章總結(jié) ...................................................................................................................... 17 4 輸電桿塔振動識別單元的軟件實現(xiàn) ................................................................................ 18 總體程序設計 .....................................................................................