【正文】 Xxxxx大學(xué) 本科畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文） 基于超聲波測距的倒車?yán)走_(dá)設(shè)計 學(xué) 部 機(jī)電與信息工程學(xué)部 專 業(yè) 電氣工程及其自動化 班 級 學(xué) 號 學(xué)生姓名 指導(dǎo)教師 摘 要 ： 隨著現(xiàn)代科技的發(fā)展，私家車慢慢地進(jìn)入每家每戶，同時催生了汽車電子行業(yè)的發(fā)展，為了更好 解決駕駛員倒車時的視角問題，制作了倒后車?yán)走_(dá)。汽車倒車裝置上主要采用了超聲波測距技術(shù)和微機(jī)控制技術(shù)，同時根據(jù)車輛所處位置到障礙物的距離進(jìn)行測量和顯示距離，并通過與預(yù)置的安全距離進(jìn)行比較達(dá)到實(shí)時報警的目的，很好地解決了駕駛員倒后車時遇到視角問題。 本設(shè)計主要由測距，控制，提示等模塊構(gòu)成，而且多構(gòu)思不同的倒車?yán)走_(dá)系統(tǒng)的裝置構(gòu)架和設(shè)計方案，擇優(yōu)選用和分析，如何運(yùn)用單片機(jī)技術(shù)實(shí)現(xiàn)的超聲波測距在汽車上的應(yīng)用原理，介紹了以 STC12C5A60S單片機(jī)為主控子模塊的系統(tǒng)硬件和軟件設(shè)計。 關(guān)鍵詞 ： STC12C5A60S2；超聲波測距；倒車；雷達(dá) Ultrasonic ranging system design Abstract:With the development of modern technology, private car slowly into every household, and gave birth to the development of automotive electronics industry, in order to better solve the problem of the driver when reversing perspective, made after reversing radar. Car reversing system mainly uses ultrasonic ranging technology and puter control technology, and according to the location of the vehicle to measure the distance to the obstacle and display the distance, through the preset safety distance to pare the purpose of realtime alarm, well solution to the car after the driver fell perspective encountered problems. This design is mainly posed of distance, control, tips, modules, and device architecture and design ideas different reversing radar system, meritbased selection and analysis, briefly explain how to use microcontroller technology ultrasonic distance measurement in the car the application of the principle analyzed to STC12C5A60S master submodule system hardware and software design. Keywords: STC12C5A60S2,； Ultrasonic,； reversing,； radar 目 錄 目 錄 1 緒論 ............................................................................................................................ 1 2 方 案設(shè)計和選擇 ........................................................................................................ 2 2． 1 系統(tǒng)方案選擇 .......................................................................................... 2 測距系統(tǒng)方案 ........................................................................................ 2 超聲波測距方案選擇 ...................................................................... 5 超聲波中央控制方案選擇 .............................................................. 7 系統(tǒng)探測范圍的確定 .................................................................... 8 本章回顧 ........................................................................................................ 9 3 系統(tǒng)硬件設(shè)計 ............................................................................................................ 9 系統(tǒng)硬件設(shè)計思想 ....................................................................................... 10 測距系統(tǒng)設(shè)計 .............................................................................................. 11 超聲波發(fā)射電路 .............................................................................. 11 超聲波檢測接收電路 .................................................................... 12 測距系統(tǒng)工作原理 ........................................................................ 13 測渡越時 間測量法 .......................................................................... 14 超聲波的衰減 .................................................................................. 14 控制系統(tǒng)電路 .............................................................................................. 15 STC12C5A60S2 單片機(jī)最小系統(tǒng)設(shè)計 ........................................... 15 蜂鳴器電路 .................................................................................................. 16 測距誤差分析 .................................................................................................... 16 本章小結(jié) ...................................................................................................... 17 4 系統(tǒng)軟件設(shè)計 .......................................................................................................... 17 軟件總體流程設(shè)計 ....................................................................................... 17 編程語言的選擇 .............................................................................. 17 程序需要完成的功能 .................................................................... 17 系統(tǒng)軟件實(shí)現(xiàn)原理 ........................................................................... 18 系統(tǒng)程序構(gòu)建 .................................................................................. 18 軟件程序模塊化 設(shè)計 .................................................................................. 19 初始化模塊 ....................................................................................... 19 延時處理模塊 ................................................................................... 20 系統(tǒng)測距模塊 ................................................................................... 20 中斷檢測模塊 .................................................................................. 21 本章小結(jié) ...................................................................................................... 22 5 系統(tǒng)調(diào)試及成品 ...................................................................................................... 22 硬件調(diào)試 ...................................................................................................... 22 軟件調(diào)試 ...................................................................................................... 24 6 設(shè)計總結(jié) .................................................................................................................. 25 致 謝 ...................................................................................................................... 25 參考文獻(xiàn) ...................................................................................................................... 25 附 錄 ...............................................................................................................