【正文】 天津職業(yè)技術(shù)師范大學(xué) Tianjin University of Technology and Education 畢 業(yè) 設(shè) 計 專 業(yè)： 電氣技術(shù)教育 班級學(xué)號： 電氣 061139 學(xué)生姓名： 周長 穩(wěn) 指導(dǎo)教師： 路海龍 講師 二 〇 一一 年六月 天津職業(yè)技術(shù)師范大學(xué)本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計 基于單片機的智能節(jié)能臺燈設(shè)計 The design of Intelligent Energy Saving Table Lamp Based on Microputer 專業(yè)班級： 電氣 0611 學(xué)生姓名： 周長穩(wěn) 指導(dǎo)教師： 路海龍 講師 學(xué) 院： 自動化 與電氣工程學(xué)院 2020 年 6 月 摘 要 單片機滲透到我們生活的各個領(lǐng)域，幾乎很難找到哪個領(lǐng)域沒有單片機的蹤跡 ， 臺燈已是千家萬戶的必需生活用品，當(dāng)夜晚來臨時，人們摸黑去開燈，非常不方便，而當(dāng)離開時，人們又經(jīng)常忘記關(guān)燈而造成巨大的能源浪費。 本文設(shè)計制作了一種智能臺燈，主要是以 紅外熱釋電處理芯片 BISS0001和單片機組成的紅外傳感控制電 路。其原理是：以 人體紅外輻射（波長為 ）為傳感信號，當(dāng)人體在臺燈的范圍內(nèi)且環(huán)境光強較弱時，自動感應(yīng)開燈，省去黑夜摸燈的麻煩；當(dāng)人離開臺燈傳感器檢測范圍，自動感應(yīng)關(guān)燈。另外當(dāng)人身體太靠近桌面時，臺燈自動感應(yīng)，蜂鳴器發(fā)出警報，警告糾正坐姿，同時燈光控制電路控制燈光變暗，若在一定時間內(nèi)未離開桌面則自動熄滅，當(dāng)糾正好坐姿則消除警報，燈光變亮。其特點是自動開關(guān)燈，節(jié)約能源；且能糾正坐姿，防止近視。 本文首先介紹結(jié)合了單片機的智能化電器的普遍推廣推動了家用小電器臺燈的智能化。然后介紹設(shè)計中用到的單片機的功能以及傳感器的選擇。最 后進行臺燈的硬件設(shè)計和軟件設(shè)計。 關(guān)鍵詞 ： Atmega16 單片機； 熱釋電紅外傳感器 ；智能臺燈； 節(jié)能 ABSTRACT Singlechip microputer perated into all areas of our lives,it is very difficult to find the area of almost no traces of is necessary for thousands of households living in the dark,the people is very inconvenient to turn on the lights,and they often fer to turned off the lights when they left, it is resulting in a huge waste of energy. In this paper, an intelligent design table lamp, Mainly pyroelectric infrared BISS0001 chip and singlechip processor consisting of infrared sensor control circuit. The principle is that infrared radiation in the human body for the sensor circuit,automatic sensors turn on the lights when the body of the scope of the lamp and the environment when a weak another way,turn off the lights by automatic sensor when people leave the lamp sensor detection range. In addition, when the body is too close to the desktop. The buzzer alarm to warning to correct posture by the lamp automatic sensor. In the same time, lighting control circuit to control lights dimmed. if within a certain period of time not to leave the desktop the lights automatically extinguished, The lights brighten and remove the alarm when the correct good posture . It is features is automatic light switch, energy conservation。 can correct posture and prevent myopia. This paper first introduces the intelligent bination of SCM appliances to promote the general promotion of the small household electrical appliances intelligent lamp. And then used to introduce singlechip design features as well as the sensor of choice. The final table of the hardware design and software design. Key Words： Atmega16 Microputer。PIR。Intelligent Table lamp。Energy Saving I 目 錄 1 引言 ............................................................................................................................... 1 研究背景 .............................................................................................................. 1 研究的意義 .......................................................................................................... 2 在節(jié)約電能方面的意義 ............................................................................ 2 對使用者的眼睛保護及坐姿的調(diào)整 ........................................................ 3 課題的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀 .................................................................................................. 4 單片機的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀 ........................................................................................... 4 臺燈的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀 ........................................................................................ 5 研究內(nèi)容 .............................................................................................................. 6 2 AVR 單片機的特點及功能簡介 .................................................................................. 7 系統(tǒng)構(gòu)成框圖 ...................................................................................................... 7 ................................................................................................ 7 單片機的串口功能 .............................................................................................. 8 ATmega16 單片機 PWM功能 ................................................................................ 9 3 傳感器的選擇及功能介紹 ......................................................................................... 12 傳感器 ................................................................................................................ 12 傳感器的定義 .......................................................................................... 12 傳感器的分類 .......................................................................................... 12 傳感器的靜態(tài)特性 .................................................................................. 13 傳感器的動態(tài)特性 .................................................................................. 13 傳感器的靈敏度 ...................................................................................... 13 傳感器的分辨力 ...................................................................................... 14 傳感器的遲滯性 ...................................................................................... 14 熱釋電紅外傳感器 ............................................................................................ 14 概述 .......................................................................................................... 15 熱釋電紅外傳感器工作原理 .................................................................. 15 熱釋電紅外傳感器的優(yōu)缺 點 .................................................................. 16 熱釋電紅外傳感器的抗干擾性能 .......................................................... 16 熱釋電紅外傳感器的應(yīng)用前景 .............................................................. 17 II 小結(jié) .......................................................................................................... 17 菲涅爾透鏡 ........................................................................................................ 17