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Unit 3 Inventors and inventions Grammar 動詞 ed形式作 定語 動詞 ed形式作 表語 動詞 ed形式作賓語 補足語 過去分詞作定語往往與被修飾的詞靠得很緊 , 漸漸地成為一個復(fù)合詞。這種分詞叫分詞形容詞 (the Participle Adjective), 實際上相當于一個單純的形容詞 , 除表示“完成”的動作之外 , 還表示“被動”的意義。如: spoken English (英語口語 ); iced beer (冰凍啤酒 ); 一、動詞 ed形式作定語 cooked food (熟食 )。 fried chips (炸土豆條 )。 但要注意不及物動詞的過去分詞常表示“完成”的動作 , 而不表示“被動”意義。如 : boiled water(開水 )。 fallen leaves(落葉 ) 。 the risen sun(升起的太陽 )等。 1. The tall man is a returned student. 高個子的那個人是個歸國留學(xué)生 。 2. My parents are both retired teachers. 我的父母都是退休教師。 (1)前置定語 單個的動詞 ed形式 ,一般放在被修飾 的名詞的前面 , 作前置定語 。 The excited people rushed into building. 激動的人們沖進大樓 。 (=the people who were excited) Lost time can never be found again. 虛度的時光 , 無法挽回 。 (=time which is lost) (2)后置定語 ① 少數(shù)單個動詞的 ed形式 , 如 left等 , 只能 作后置定語 。 1. Everything used should be marked. 所有用過的東西應(yīng)該做好標記 。 2. Among the invited were some ladies. 被邀請的人中 , 有些是女士 。 3. The books left are for my students. 剩下的書是給我的學(xué)生的。 ② 動詞 ed形式短語作定語時 , 通常要放在被修飾的名詞的后面 , 在意思上相當于一個定語從句。 及物動詞 的過去分詞作定語用來表示被動 ,可改為帶被動語態(tài)的定語從句 。不及物動詞 的過去分詞 (僅限于單個過去分詞 ,且不能后置 )則表示完成 ,可改為帶有完成時態(tài)的定語從句。 1. Is there anything planned for tonight? 今晚有什么活動嗎 ? (=that has been planned for tonight) 2. The meeting, attended by a lot of people, was a success. 這次會議有很多人出席 , 開得很成功。 (=which was attended by a lot of people) drank some boiled water (=which had boiled )and went on with our work. 我們喝了一些開水后就繼續(xù)工作。 注意 : 這里的過去分詞的邏輯主語應(yīng)是被修飾的詞 , 改為定語從句時關(guān)系代詞應(yīng)與之一致 。 高考題 1) Most of the artists to the party were from South Africa. (MET 90) B. to invite invited D. had been invited 2) The first text books for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century. (NMET 94) A. having written B. to be written C. being written D. written 3) The Olympic games, in 776 BC, didn39。t include women players until 1912. A. first playing B. to be first played C. first played D. to be first playing 4) Prices of daily foods