【正文】 畢業(yè)設(shè)計 (論 文 ) 基于 LABVIEW 的溫度測控儀表設(shè)計 系 別 自動化工程系 專 業(yè) 檢測技術(shù)與儀器 學 號 5060912 姓 名 封居強 指導(dǎo)教師 金偉 2020 年 6 月 15 日 東北大學秦皇島分校畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文） 第 I 頁 基于 LABVIEW 的溫度測控儀表設(shè)計 摘 要 針對現(xiàn)有的測控儀器產(chǎn)品更新?lián)Q代的速度太快，彼此之間的兼容性差，難以滿足不同層次用戶和不斷變化的要求。本文利用現(xiàn)有的計算機，加上適當設(shè)計的儀器硬件和應(yīng)用軟件 LABVIEW 構(gòu)成了基于 LABVIEW 的溫度測控儀表，使其既具有傳統(tǒng)儀器的基本功能，又能讓用戶根據(jù)自己的需求變化隨時定義，實現(xiàn)多種多樣的應(yīng)用要求。 論文首先概述了溫度控制的發(fā)展與現(xiàn)狀，介紹了虛擬儀器的發(fā)展及其突出特點。 其次根據(jù)小型加熱器模型溫度控制的原理，考慮各方面因素，利用前人對溫度研究的成果主要是溫度實時的測量數(shù)據(jù)對小型加熱器模型進行了數(shù)學 建模，確定其為一階純滯后的系統(tǒng)。通過分析小型加熱器模型的非線性、時變性、大時滯、等特點。根據(jù)傳統(tǒng) PID 控制和大林算法各自的特點，結(jié)合其優(yōu)點設(shè)計了一種大林算法的 PID 控制器。 再次本文詳細地論述了系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計與實現(xiàn)方法，把虛擬儀器與溫度控制相結(jié)合，用 LABVIEW 開發(fā)了一套大林算法自整定的 PID 控制算法的溫度測控儀表，通過 LABVIEW 的 MATLAB script 節(jié)點對溫度進行 PID 控制，同時前面板實現(xiàn)檢測實時數(shù)據(jù)、設(shè)置 PID 參數(shù)、數(shù)據(jù)保存、錯誤報警等功能。 論文的最后闡述了虛擬儀器對現(xiàn)在和將來的科學研究的重要 性及 LABVIEW在儀表設(shè)計人機界面的智能化。同時利用 LABVIEW 中 MATLAB script 節(jié)點的強大功能驗證了對于一階純滯后環(huán)節(jié)大林算法優(yōu)越于普通的增量式 PID 控制。 關(guān)鍵詞 ：虛擬儀器， PID 控制，小型加熱器模型，大林算法 東北大學秦皇島分校畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文） 第 II 頁 LABVIEWbased design of temperature control instrumentation Autho:Feng ju qiang Tutor:Jin wei Abstract Measurement and control instrumentation products for the replacement of the existing speed too fast, poor patibility between each other are difficult to meet different and changing user requirements. This use of editing’s puter, with appropriate design of the instrument hardware and application software LABVIEW Grouching of the temperature measurement and control instruments based on LABVIEW, it both Chanting instruments of the basic features, You Negron user according to the changing needs of customize at any time, to achieve a wide variety of applications Firstly an overview of the development of temperature controls and status of virtual instrument development and salient features. Next, the small heater temperature control Yuan Li model, considering all factors, using previous research results on the temperature of the main yes Temperature Real measured data for small heater model a mathematical model, it an order to determine the pure delay system. By analyzing a small heater model nonlinear, timevarying, large time delay, and so on. According to the traditional PID control and their own characteristics Dahlia, bined with the advantages of designing a PID controller Dahlia algorithm. This once again discussed in detail the system design and implementation, the virtual instrument and temperature control bined with LABVIEW Dahlia developed a set of selftuning PID control algorithm for temperature measurement and control instrument, by LABVIEW the MATLAB script node temperature PID control, while the front panel to achieve detection of realtime data, set PID parameters, the other for data preservation, false alarms and other functions. 東北大學秦皇島分校畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文） 第 III 頁 The final paper described a virtual instrument on the present and future importance of scientific research in instrument design LABVIEW intelligent humanmachine interface. While using LABVIEW in the MATLAB script node proved the power of the first order lag element for the object, Dahlia algorithm is superior to ordinary incremental PID control. Keywords: Virtual Instruments, PID control, small heater, Dahlia 東北大學秦皇島分校畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文） 第 IV 頁 目錄 1 緒論 .....................................................................................................................1 研究目的和研究意義 ................................................................................1 課題國內(nèi)外研究的現(xiàn)狀 ............................................................................1 課題研究的主要內(nèi)容 ................................................................................2 2 虛擬儀器的概述 .................................................................................................3 虛擬儀器的概念 ........................................................................................3 LABVIEW 的概念 ....................................................................................3 LABVIEW 的應(yīng)用現(xiàn)狀 ............................................................................5 本章小結(jié) ....................................................................................................6 3 溫度控制總體設(shè)計 .............................................................................................7 系統(tǒng)實現(xiàn)的功能 ........................................................................................7 系統(tǒng)設(shè)計的原則 ........................................................................................7 系統(tǒng)設(shè)計的總體方案 ................................................................................9 下位機硬件的選擇 .......................................................................................9 上位機軟件開發(fā)平臺的選擇 .....................................................................13 本章小結(jié) ..................................................................................................14 4 被控對象的數(shù)學模型 .......................................................................................15 被控對象的機理法建模 ..........................................................................15 階躍響應(yīng)曲線法建模 ..............................................................................17 階躍響應(yīng)曲線的獲取 ...................................................................................17 實驗數(shù)據(jù) .....................................................................................................18 被控對象的傳遞函數(shù)求解 .........................................................................19 本章小結(jié) ..................................................................................................23 5 系統(tǒng)控制算法的研究 ........................................................