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第二章 精讀課文 ——入門必修 數(shù)學與計算科學學院 欒 姝 Key points: useful terms and definitions of Mathematics, equation Difficult points: Some mathematical terms Requirements: 1. 掌握所講課文的生詞和詞組 2. 理解并掌握課外作業(yè)里面的漢譯英 3. 理解所講段落的翻譯技巧與方法 New Words amp。 Expressions: algebra 代數(shù)學 geometrical 幾何的 algebraic 代數(shù)的 identity 恒等式 arithmetic 算術(shù) , 算術(shù)的 measure 測量,測度 axiom 公理 numerical 數(shù)值的 , 數(shù)字的 conception 概念,觀點 operation 運算 constant 常數(shù) postulate 公設(shè) logical deduction 邏輯推理 proposition 命題 division 除,除法 subtraction 減,減法 formula 公式 term 項,術(shù)語 trigonometry 三角學 variable 變化的,變量 數(shù)學、方程與比例 Mathematics, Equation and Ratio Mathematics es from man’s social practice, for example, industrial and agricultural production, mercial activities, military operations and scientific and technological researches. 1- A What is mathematics 數(shù)學來源于人類的社會實踐 , 比如工農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn) , 商業(yè)活動 , 軍事行動和科學技術(shù)研究 。 And in turn, mathematics serves the practice and plays a great role in all fields. No modern scientific and technological branches could be regularly developed without the application of mathematics. 反過來 , 數(shù)學服務(wù)于實踐 , 并在各個領(lǐng)域中起著非常重要的作用 。 沒有應(yīng)用數(shù)學 , 任何一個現(xiàn)在的科技的分支都不能正常發(fā)展 。 From the early need of man came the concepts of numbers and forms. Then, geometry developed out of problems of measuring land , and trigonometry came from problems of surveying. To deal with some more plex practical problems, man established and then solved equation with unknown numbers , thus algebra occurred. 很早的時候 , 人類的需要產(chǎn)生了數(shù)和形的概念 。 接著 , 測量土地問題形成了幾何學 , 測量問題產(chǎn)生了三角學 。 為了處理更復(fù)雜的實際問題 , 人類建立和解決了帶未知數(shù)的方程 , 從而產(chǎn)生了代數(shù)學 。 Before 17th century, man confined himself to the elementary mathematics, . , geometry, trigonometry and algebra,