【正文】 輸油管道初步設(shè)計書2．題目設(shè)計范疇及主要內(nèi)容：該管道的設(shè)計輸量為2000萬噸/年，管道全長為220km，管道的縱斷面數(shù)據(jù)見表1，輸送的原油性質(zhì)如下：20℃的密度為860kg/m3，初餾點為81℃，反常點為28℃，凝固點為25℃。表2列出了粘溫數(shù)據(jù)。表1 沿程里程、高程數(shù)據(jù)(管道全長220km)里程(km)04580110150170190210220高程(m)286090352528465288表2 粘溫數(shù)據(jù)溫度（℃）2830354045505560粘度（cP）11169605348本設(shè)計主要的研究內(nèi)容如下：①用經(jīng)濟流速確定管徑，并計算該管徑下的費用現(xiàn)值和輸油成本；②通過熱力和水力計算確定該經(jīng)濟管徑方案下的熱站數(shù)和泵站數(shù)，并進行熱泵站的合一；③主要設(shè)備選擇(包括泵、爐、罐、原動機)；④站址確定，在縱斷面圖上布站；⑤反輸運行參數(shù)的確定；⑥站內(nèi)工藝流程設(shè)計；⑦方案經(jīng)濟效益分析。3． 設(shè)計方案及研究要求：本次設(shè)計的題目是輸油管道工藝的初步設(shè)計。長輸管道的投資巨大，需在長期的時間內(nèi)保持在其經(jīng)濟輸量范圍內(nèi)，才有明顯的經(jīng)濟效益。所以選擇合適的路線走向，合理確定建設(shè)規(guī)模，選擇正確的站址，對于節(jié)省投資和運行費用，以及安全環(huán)保都有很重要的意義。長距離輸油管道由輸油站和線路組成。故設(shè)計的主要內(nèi)容也主要關(guān)于這兩部分：通過選線和管道路線的勘查，收集基本的設(shè)計參數(shù)。工藝計算部分，具體包括:(1) 根據(jù)導(dǎo)師給的原始數(shù)據(jù)，確定進出站油溫，并由此確定經(jīng)濟管徑，其中經(jīng)濟管徑的確定方法最經(jīng)常用的有輸油成本法和費用現(xiàn)值法。(2) 通過熱力和水力計算及流態(tài)的判斷，泵站數(shù)的確定，最終進行站址的確定，其中按最小輸量確定熱站數(shù)，按最大輸量確定泵站數(shù)。(3)校核計算。包括熱力、水力校核，壓力越站校核，熱力越站校核，動靜水壓力校核，反輸校核，全越站校核等。(4) 工藝流程設(shè)計，其原則是滿足各個輸油生產(chǎn)環(huán)節(jié)的需要，中間熱泵站工藝流程應(yīng)與輸油方式相適應(yīng)，便于事故的處理和檢修，節(jié)約，和能促進新技術(shù)新設(shè)備的采用。 擬完成論文進度安排：（一稿、二稿、三稿、定稿）（1）2月初開始任務(wù)書和開題報告的編寫，并闡明設(shè)計原則和設(shè)計任務(wù)，在2月末完成熱站數(shù)和泵站數(shù)的確定以及工藝流程的說明。指導(dǎo)教師定期對學(xué)生進行輔導(dǎo)；（2）3月份開始工藝設(shè)計計算書的編寫，并確定不同輸量下的布站方案和開爐開泵方案，期間指導(dǎo)教師進行中期檢查；（3）4月中旬完成全部計算，經(jīng)指導(dǎo)教師檢查審批后做最終定稿。指導(dǎo)教師意見： 該學(xué)員積極上進、態(tài)度認真、虛心好學(xué)，編寫論文時充分利用各類參考文獻，將自己所學(xué)的理論知識與實際工作經(jīng)驗完好結(jié)合；語言組織很好，層次清晰，論文內(nèi)容闡述順暢明了，計算準確無誤。經(jīng)審核，可以進行答辯。3摘 要本管線設(shè)計最大設(shè)計年輸量為2000萬噸。管道全長220km，所經(jīng)地段地勢較為平坦，高程在28～88m之間。經(jīng)過計算，不存在翻越點。全線均采用“從泵到泵”的密閉輸送方式以及先爐后泵流程。本設(shè)計根據(jù)經(jīng)濟流速來確定管徑，選為Φ813，管材選擇無縫鋼管，鋼號Q345，最低屈服強度為325MPa。經(jīng)過熱力和水力計算，確定了所需的熱站和泵站數(shù)，考慮到運行管理的方便，熱泵站的合一。本設(shè)計中遵循在滿足各種條件的情況下，工藝流程盡可能的簡單，并且輸油工藝本著應(yīng)用先進技術(shù)的原則，進行了首站和中間站的工藝流程設(shè)計。最后繪制五張圖：管道縱斷面圖，中間熱泵站工藝流程圖，首站平面布置圖，泵房安裝圖，首站工藝流程圖。關(guān)鍵詞: 管道；輸量；熱泵站；工藝流程ABSTRACTThe length of the pipeline design is 220 kilometers, the elevation height is between 2888 meters,the section which pipeline passed is through the calculate, there was no get over design used tight line pumping which called “from pump to pump”, so it can reduce consumptive waste, Moreover, this method can utilize sufficiently remain pressure head.In the design, economic pipe diameter is firstly determined by economic velocity. At lest, Ф813,L325 pipe is used.The transportation capacity and the geography conditions are considered of in order to determine the heating station. And including the environmental protection the worker39。s live conditions and so on. Finally, the heating station id placed to the first station,0Km. And direct heating is used.In the condition of meeting all the kinds of those factors, the technological processes are used as simply as possible, and the advanced technologies are used an usually as possibly. In each station, oil is first heated and then pumped in heating—pump station in the design. The process of the origin station is: forward transportation, reverse transportation, heat oil cycling and pigging operation, etc. The technology process of the following station is: forward transportation, reverse transportation, non—pumping operation, non—heating oil cycling and pigging operation, etc.The last , analysis of the projects economic becefics is IRR is ,the project is possible.Keyword：tube type：transmit output；hot pumpstation；technical process目 錄第一章 前言....................................................1第二章 工藝設(shè)計說明書 ........................................2..................................................2 線路基本概況.........................................2 輸油站主要工程項目...................................2 管道設(shè)計 3............................................3 設(shè)計依據(jù).............................................3 原始數(shù)據(jù).............................................3 溫度參數(shù)的選擇.......................................43．參數(shù)的選擇................................................5 管道設(shè)計參數(shù).........................................5 油品密度 5 粘溫方程 6 總傳熱系數(shù)K .........................................6 最優(yōu)管徑的選擇 ......................................64．工藝計算說明..............................................75. 確定加熱站及泵站數(shù)........................................7 熱力計算.............................................8 水力計算 9 站址確定 106．校核計算說明 ............................................11 熱力、水力校核 11 進出站溫度校核 11 進出站壓力校核 11 壓力越站校核 12 熱力越站校核 12 動、靜水壓力校核 12 反輸運行參數(shù)的確定 127. 站內(nèi)工藝流程的設(shè)計......................................138．主要設(shè)備的選擇..........................................1