【正文】 輸油管道初步設(shè)計(jì)書(shū)2．題目設(shè)計(jì)范疇及主要內(nèi)容：該管道的設(shè)計(jì)輸量為2000萬(wàn)噸/年，管道全長(zhǎng)為220km，管道的縱斷面數(shù)據(jù)見(jiàn)表1，輸送的原油性質(zhì)如下：20℃的密度為860kg/m3，初餾點(diǎn)為81℃，反常點(diǎn)為28℃，凝固點(diǎn)為25℃。表2列出了粘溫?cái)?shù)據(jù)。表1 沿程里程、高程數(shù)據(jù)(管道全長(zhǎng)220km)里程(km)04580110150170190210220高程(m)286090352528465288表2 粘溫?cái)?shù)據(jù)溫度（℃）2830354045505560粘度（cP）11169605348本設(shè)計(jì)主要的研究?jī)?nèi)容如下：①用經(jīng)濟(jì)流速確定管徑，并計(jì)算該管徑下的費(fèi)用現(xiàn)值和輸油成本；②通過(guò)熱力和水力計(jì)算確定該經(jīng)濟(jì)管徑方案下的熱站數(shù)和泵站數(shù)，并進(jìn)行熱泵站的合一；③主要設(shè)備選擇(包括泵、爐、罐、原動(dòng)機(jī))；④站址確定，在縱斷面圖上布站；⑤反輸運(yùn)行參數(shù)的確定；⑥站內(nèi)工藝流程設(shè)計(jì)；⑦方案經(jīng)濟(jì)效益分析。3． 設(shè)計(jì)方案及研究要求：本次設(shè)計(jì)的題目是輸油管道工藝的初步設(shè)計(jì)。長(zhǎng)輸管道的投資巨大，需在長(zhǎng)期的時(shí)間內(nèi)保持在其經(jīng)濟(jì)輸量范圍內(nèi)，才有明顯的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益。所以選擇合適的路線走向，合理確定建設(shè)規(guī)模，選擇正確的站址，對(duì)于節(jié)省投資和運(yùn)行費(fèi)用，以及安全環(huán)保都有很重要的意義。長(zhǎng)距離輸油管道由輸油站和線路組成。故設(shè)計(jì)的主要內(nèi)容也主要關(guān)于這兩部分：通過(guò)選線和管道路線的勘查，收集基本的設(shè)計(jì)參數(shù)。工藝計(jì)算部分，具體包括:(1) 根據(jù)導(dǎo)師給的原始數(shù)據(jù)，確定進(jìn)出站油溫，并由此確定經(jīng)濟(jì)管徑，其中經(jīng)濟(jì)管徑的確定方法最經(jīng)常用的有輸油成本法和費(fèi)用現(xiàn)值法。(2) 通過(guò)熱力和水力計(jì)算及流態(tài)的判斷，泵站數(shù)的確定，最終進(jìn)行站址的確定，其中按最小輸量確定熱站數(shù)，按最大輸量確定泵站數(shù)。(3)校核計(jì)算。包括熱力、水力校核，壓力越站校核，熱力越站校核，動(dòng)靜水壓力校核，反輸校核，全越站校核等。(4) 工藝流程設(shè)計(jì)，其原則是滿足各個(gè)輸油生產(chǎn)環(huán)節(jié)的需要，中間熱泵站工藝流程應(yīng)與輸油方式相適應(yīng)，便于事故的處理和檢修，節(jié)約，和能促進(jìn)新技術(shù)新設(shè)備的采用。 擬完成論文進(jìn)度安排：（一稿、二稿、三稿、定稿）（1）2月初開(kāi)始任務(wù)書(shū)和開(kāi)題報(bào)告的編寫(xiě)，并闡明設(shè)計(jì)原則和設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù)，在2月末完成熱站數(shù)和泵站數(shù)的確定以及工藝流程的說(shuō)明。指導(dǎo)教師定期對(duì)學(xué)生進(jìn)行輔導(dǎo)；（2）3月份開(kāi)始工藝設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算書(shū)的編寫(xiě)，并確定不同輸量下的布站方案和開(kāi)爐開(kāi)泵方案，期間指導(dǎo)教師進(jìn)行中期檢查；（3）4月中旬完成全部計(jì)算，經(jīng)指導(dǎo)教師檢查審批后做最終定稿。指導(dǎo)教師意見(jiàn)： 該學(xué)員積極上進(jìn)、態(tài)度認(rèn)真、虛心好學(xué)，編寫(xiě)論文時(shí)充分利用各類(lèi)參考文獻(xiàn)，將自己所學(xué)的理論知識(shí)與實(shí)際工作經(jīng)驗(yàn)完好結(jié)合；語(yǔ)言組織很好，層次清晰，論文內(nèi)容闡述順暢明了，計(jì)算準(zhǔn)確無(wú)誤。經(jīng)審核，可以進(jìn)行答辯。3摘 要本管線設(shè)計(jì)最大設(shè)計(jì)年輸量為2000萬(wàn)噸。管道全長(zhǎng)220km，所經(jīng)地段地勢(shì)較為平坦，高程在28～88m之間。經(jīng)過(guò)計(jì)算，不存在翻越點(diǎn)。全線均采用“從泵到泵”的密閉輸送方式以及先爐后泵流程。本設(shè)計(jì)根據(jù)經(jīng)濟(jì)流速來(lái)確定管徑，選為Φ813，管材選擇無(wú)縫鋼管，鋼號(hào)Q345，最低屈服強(qiáng)度為325MPa。經(jīng)過(guò)熱力和水力計(jì)算，確定了所需的熱站和泵站數(shù)，考慮到運(yùn)行管理的方便，熱泵站的合一。本設(shè)計(jì)中遵循在滿足各種條件的情況下，工藝流程盡可能的簡(jiǎn)單，并且輸油工藝本著應(yīng)用先進(jìn)技術(shù)的原則，進(jìn)行了首站和中間站的工藝流程設(shè)計(jì)。最后繪制五張圖：管道縱斷面圖，中間熱泵站工藝流程圖，首站平面布置圖，泵房安裝圖，首站工藝流程圖。關(guān)鍵詞: 管道；輸量；熱泵站；工藝流程ABSTRACTThe length of the pipeline design is 220 kilometers, the elevation height is between 2888 meters,the section which pipeline passed is through the calculate, there was no get over design used tight line pumping which called “from pump to pump”, so it can reduce consumptive waste, Moreover, this method can utilize sufficiently remain pressure head.In the design, economic pipe diameter is firstly determined by economic velocity. At lest, Ф813,L325 pipe is used.The transportation capacity and the geography conditions are considered of in order to determine the heating station. And including the environmental protection the worker39。s live conditions and so on. Finally, the heating station id placed to the first station,0Km. And direct heating is used.In the condition of meeting all the kinds of those factors, the technological processes are used as simply as possible, and the advanced technologies are used an usually as possibly. In each station, oil is first heated and then pumped in heating—pump station in the design. The process of the origin station is: forward transportation, reverse transportation, heat oil cycling and pigging operation, etc. The technology process of the following station is: forward transportation, reverse transportation, non—pumping operation, non—heating oil cycling and pigging operation, etc.The last , analysis of the projects economic becefics is IRR is ,the project is possible.Keyword：tube type：transmit output；hot pumpstation；technical process目 錄第一章 前言....................................................1第二章 工藝設(shè)計(jì)說(shuō)明書(shū) ........................................2..................................................2 線路基本概況.........................................2 輸油站主要工程項(xiàng)目...................................2 管道設(shè)計(jì) 3............................................3 設(shè)計(jì)依據(jù).............................................3 原始數(shù)據(jù).............................................3 溫度參數(shù)的選擇.......................................43．參數(shù)的選擇................................................5 管道設(shè)計(jì)參數(shù).........................................5 油品密度 5 粘溫方程 6 總傳熱系數(shù)K .........................................6 最優(yōu)管徑的選擇 ......................................64．工藝計(jì)算說(shuō)明..............................................75. 確定加熱站及泵站數(shù)........................................7 熱力計(jì)算.............................................8 水力計(jì)算 9 站址確定 106．校核計(jì)算說(shuō)明 ............................................11 熱力、水力校核 11 進(jìn)出站溫度校核 11 進(jìn)出站壓力校核 11 壓力越站校核 12 熱力越站校核 12 動(dòng)、靜水壓力校核 12 反輸運(yùn)行參數(shù)的確定 127. 站內(nèi)工藝流程的設(shè)計(jì)......................................138．主要設(shè)備的選擇..........................................1