【正文】 .. .. .. ..英國文學(xué)選讀Poems: Hamlet (Act 3, Scene 1, lines 5586) 生存或毀滅, 這是個(gè)必答之問題 是否應(yīng)默默的忍受坎苛命運(yùn)之無情打擊, 還是應(yīng)與深如大海之無涯苦難奮然為敵, 并將其克服。死即睡眠, 它不過如此!倘若一眠能了結(jié)心靈之苦楚與肉體之百患, 那么, 此結(jié)局是可盼的! 死去, 睡去... 但在睡眠中可能有夢(mèng), 啊, 這就是個(gè)阻礙: 當(dāng)我們擺脫了此垂死之皮囊, 在死之長眠中會(huì)有何夢(mèng)來臨? 它令我們躊躇, 使我們心甘情愿的承受長年之災(zāi), 否則誰肯容忍人間之百般折磨, 如暴君之政、驕者之傲 失戀之痛、法章之慢 貪官之侮、或庸民之辱假如他能簡單的一刃了之? 還有誰會(huì)肯去做牛做馬, 終生疲於操勞 默默的忍受其苦其難, 而不遠(yuǎn)走高飛, 飄於渺茫之境 倘若他不是因恐懼身後之事而使他猶豫不前? 此境乃無人知曉之邦, 自古無返者進(jìn)入我們無法知曉的地域 所以,「理智」能使我們成為懦夫 而「顧慮」能使我們本來輝煌之心志變得黯然無光, 像個(gè)病夫 再之, 這些更能壞大事, 亂大謀, 使它們失 去魄力。 Hamlet P81. Why is sleep so frightening, according to Hamlet, since it can “end” the heartache and the thousand natural shocks”? Nobody can predict what he will dream of after he falls asleep. Death means the end of life, you may go to or unknown world and you can’t eback. If he dies, Hamlet’s can39。t realize his will. Though “sleep” can end the heartache and the thousand natural shocks, it is a state of mind. Hamlet didn’t know at all. He is frightened by the possible suffering in the long “dream”. He can’t predict what will happen in the sleep, may be good may be evil.2. Why would people rather bear all the sufferings of the world instead of choosing death to get rid of them, according to Hamlet? Death is so mysterious that nobody knows what death will bring to us. Maybe bitter sufferings, great pains, heartbreaking stories… Because people hold the same idea to grunt and sweat under a weary life, but that the dread of something after deaththe undiscovered country, form whose bourn no traveler returnspuzzle the will, and make us rather bear those ills we have than fly to others that we know not of?” People also are frightened by the myths in another world after death.3. What, after all, makes people lose their determination to take action? Please explain in relation to the socalled hesitation of Hamlet.Conscience and overconsiderations. He wants to revenge, but doesn’t know how. He wants to kill his uncle, but finds it too risky. He lives in despair and wants to mit suicide. However, he knows if he dies, nobody will fort his father’s ghost. He is in face of great dilemma. They don’t know the result after their taking the action. Such as Hamlet, he doesn’t know what would happen if he kills his uncle or kills himself. So Hamlet was hesitated.Sonnet 18 P15我怎么能夠把你來比作夏天？你不獨(dú)比它可愛也比它溫婉：狂風(fēng)把五月寵愛的嫩蕊作踐，夏天出賃的期限又未免太短：天上的眼睛有時(shí)照得太酷烈，它那炳耀的金顏又常遭掩蔽：被機(jī)緣或無常的天道所摧折，沒有芳艷不終于雕殘或銷毀。但是你的長夏永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)雕落，也不會(huì)損失你這皎潔的紅芳，或死神夸口你在他影里漂泊，當(dāng)你在不朽的詩里與時(shí)同長。只要一天有人類，或人有眼睛，這詩將長存，并且賜給你生命。1. How does the poet answer the question he puts forth in the first line? The poet opens with a question that is addressed to the beloved, Shall I pare thee to a summer39。s day? This question is paring “thee” to the summer time of the year. It is during this time when the flowers are blooming, trees are full of leaves, the weather is warm, and it is generally considered as an enjoyable time during the year. The following eleven lines in the poem are also dedicated to similar parisons between the beloved and summer days. 2. What makes the poet think that “thou” can be more beautiful than summer and immortal?At the very beginning, the poet puts forth a question: “Shall I pare thee to a summer’s day?” Then he gives an answer: “Thou art lovelier and more temperate.” On the one hand, “Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May, and summer’s lease hath all too short a date?！?on the other hand, “Sometime too hot the heaven shines, and often is his gold plexion dimmed.” So from the above two aspects the poet thinks that “thou” can be more beautiful than summer. In addition, “And every fair from fair sometime declines, by chance, or nature’s changing course untrimmed.” Compared with immortal, “But thy eternal summer shall not fade, nor lose possession of that fair thou ow’st, nor shall death brag thou wand’ rest in his shade, when in eternal lines to times thou grow’st.” Therefore, the poet draws a conclusion: “So long as men can breathe or eyes can see, so long lives this, and this gives life to thee.” In this poem, the poet makes “thou” more beautiful than summer and immortal because of his beautiful lines. So in this case, “thou” in the poem can be regarded as female because love can beauty eternal. Or “thou” can be referred to male, for friendship can make