【正文】 摘 要 PLC 電氣控制系統(tǒng)與繼電器 — 接觸器電氣控制系統(tǒng)相比，具有結(jié)構(gòu)簡單，編程方便，調(diào)試周期短，可靠性高，抗干擾能力強(qiáng)，故障率低，對工作環(huán)境要求低等一系列優(yōu)點(diǎn)。因此，本文將 PLC 控制技術(shù)應(yīng)用到 C5225 立式機(jī)床中，從而提高大大提高 C5225 型立式車床的工作性能。論文 通過 分析 C5225 型立式車床的控制原理， 設(shè)計(jì)出 可編程控制器 C5225 型立式車床電氣控制系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)方案，完成了電氣控制系統(tǒng)硬件和軟件的設(shè)計(jì)，其中 硬件部分計(jì)算、分析并選擇了電動(dòng)機(jī)、斷路器，交流接觸器、繼電器、互感器、電纜線等主要電器元件的主要電器 的電流、功率、型號(hào)、等級(jí)等具體數(shù)據(jù)；軟件部分編制了 I/O 端口的分配 表 、 I/O 硬件接線圖的繪制、 PLC 梯形圖程序的設(shè)計(jì)。對 PLC 控制 C5225 型立式車床的工作過程作了詳細(xì)闡述，論述了采用 PLC 取代傳統(tǒng)繼電器 — 接觸器電氣控制系統(tǒng)從而提高機(jī)床工作性能的方法。 一個(gè)完善的系統(tǒng)除了能正常運(yùn)行，滿足工業(yè)控制的要求，還必須能在系統(tǒng)出現(xiàn)故障時(shí)及時(shí)進(jìn)行故障診斷和故障處理 ，為此本文還為 C5225 機(jī)床的電氣系統(tǒng) 設(shè)計(jì)了過流保護(hù)：運(yùn)行中當(dāng)電機(jī)電流大于額定電流的 倍且持續(xù)時(shí)間達(dá) 1 分鐘則產(chǎn)生過流跳閘，同時(shí)產(chǎn)生聲光報(bào)警信號(hào)；設(shè)計(jì)了主電 機(jī)短路保護(hù)；電源電壓欠壓保護(hù)：當(dāng)電源電壓小于額定電壓的 倍時(shí)，電氣系統(tǒng)產(chǎn)生欠壓保護(hù)，同時(shí)發(fā)出相應(yīng)的聲光報(bào)警信號(hào)。為了驗(yàn)證設(shè)計(jì)的實(shí)用性，還制作了模擬樣機(jī)驗(yàn)證在本文中設(shè)計(jì)的功能以便在模擬樣機(jī)的運(yùn)行中發(fā)現(xiàn)設(shè)計(jì)的不足之處，及時(shí)的對其進(jìn)行修改，以便更好的完善整個(gè) C5225 機(jī)床電氣系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)。 關(guān)鍵詞： C5225 立式車床； PLC；繼電器控制 Abstract The PLC control system and electrical relay contactor electrical control systems,has the advantages of simple structure, easy programming, debugging, short cycle, high reliability, strong antiinterference ability, low failure rate, the work environment requires a series of advantages. Therefore, this paper will PLC control technology applied to the C5225 vertical machine, thereby improvinggreatly improve the working performance of C5225 vertical lathe. Through theanalysis of control principle of C5225 vertical lathe, design the design of programmable controller of C5225 vertical lathe electrical control system,pleted the design of electrical control system hardware and software, the hardware part calculation, analysis and choice of the motor, the circuit breaker,the main electrical appliances ponents AC contactor, relay, transformerdevice, cable, current, power, type, grade and other specific data。 the softwaredeveloped for design assignment I/O port table, I/O hardware wiring diagram,ladder diagram program PLC. PLC control of the work process of C5225 vertical lathe in detail, discusses the use of PLC to replace traditional relay contactor electrical control system so as to improve the performance of the machine tool. A perfect system in addition to the normal operation, satisfy the requirement of industrial control, must also be timely diagnosis and fault fault treatment failure in the system, so this paper also for the electrical system of C5225 machine designof the overcurrent protection: when running in times higher than the rated current of the motor current and the duration of 1 minutes the overcurrenttripping, and sound and light alarm signal generation。 design of the main motorshort circuit protection。 power supply undervoltage protection: when the supply voltage is times less than the rated voltage, electrical system generatesundervoltage protection, also sends out corresponding sound and light alarm signal. In order to verify the practicability of design, also produced a simulationprototype design in this paper in order to find the deficiency of design function in the simulation operation, timely amend it, in order to improve the C5225 machine electrical system better. Keywords: C5225 vertical lathe。 PLC。 electrical system design 目 錄 引言 ......................................................1 第 1章 緒論 ...............................................1 國內(nèi)外立式車床的現(xiàn)狀分析 ......................................... 2 C5225 機(jī)床概述 ....................................................2 課題的來源及研究意義 .............................................3 課題的來源 .....................................................4 課題的研究意義 .................................................4 第 2 章 機(jī)床電機(jī)的計(jì)算與選型 ............................... 5 電機(jī)的比較與選擇 ................................................. 7 機(jī)床電機(jī)功率計(jì)算 ................................................8 主軸電機(jī)功率計(jì)算 ...............................................8 刀架快進(jìn)電機(jī)功率計(jì)算 ...........................................9 橫梁電機(jī)功率計(jì)算 ..............................................9 刀架進(jìn)給電機(jī)功率計(jì)算 .........................................10 油泵電機(jī)功率計(jì)算 ...........................................11 機(jī)床電機(jī)啟動(dòng)方式 比較與選擇 ......................................12 電機(jī)啟動(dòng) 特性概述 ..............................................12 直接啟動(dòng) ......................................................12 串電阻或電抗器降壓啟動(dòng) .....................................13 星 三角降壓啟動(dòng) ............................................13 自耦變壓器降壓啟動(dòng) .........................................14 異步電動(dòng)機(jī)工作環(huán)境描述 ..........................................14第 3 章 機(jī)床 電氣 系統(tǒng) 的 設(shè)計(jì) ................................15 機(jī)床電器 的 選型 .................................................15 控制變壓器選型 ...............................................16 空氣開關(guān)的計(jì)算與選型 .........................................16 交流接觸器選型 ...............................................17 中間繼電器時(shí)間繼電器選型 .....................................17 機(jī)床電路設(shè)計(jì) ...................................................18 主回路電路設(shè)計(jì) ................................................18 控制電路 設(shè)計(jì) ..................................................19 控制電路工作原理概述 ..........................................19 第 4章 PLC 控制系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì) ................................. 20 PLC 概述 .........................................................20 PLC 控制系統(tǒng)與繼電器系統(tǒng)比較 ...................................21 PLC 工作原理 ...................................................22 PLC A/D 模塊工作原理 ...........................................23 PLC 程序設(shè)計(jì) .....................................................24 程序整體設(shè)計(jì)思路概述 .......................................... 24 控制部分程序設(shè)計(jì) .............................................. 25 過壓 /過流保護(hù)程序設(shè)計(jì) .........................................26 PLC 端口地址定義 ...............................................27 第 5 章 模擬樣機(jī)的設(shè)計(jì)與制作 ..............................28 模擬樣機(jī)的設(shè)計(jì) .................................................29 模擬樣機(jī) 的元件選擇 ............................................30 模擬樣機(jī)控制方式設(shè)計(jì) .