【正文】 摘 要摘 要 隨著測繪事業(yè)的迅速發(fā)展，全球一體化的形成，要求測繪資料形成統(tǒng)一規(guī)范，坐標(biāo)系統(tǒng)的統(tǒng)一就是其中的一方面?，F(xiàn)在國家采用的坐標(biāo)系統(tǒng)有北京54坐標(biāo)系、西安80坐標(biāo)系、WGS84坐標(biāo)系，國家2000坐標(biāo)系以及各地方坐標(biāo)系，它們選擇的橢球參考系不同，通過不同坐標(biāo)系之間的轉(zhuǎn)換來滿足不同工程測量的需求。在同一坐標(biāo)系下又有不同的坐標(biāo)表示方式，例如大地坐標(biāo)、空間直角坐標(biāo)、平面坐標(biāo)。不同坐標(biāo)系之間的相互轉(zhuǎn)換，相同坐標(biāo)系下不同坐標(biāo)之間的轉(zhuǎn)換，都會運(yùn)用各自對應(yīng)的轉(zhuǎn)換模型進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)換。 不同坐標(biāo)系之間的相互轉(zhuǎn)換，本文中主要采用了三種模型，即三參數(shù)模型、四參數(shù)模型和七參數(shù)模型。相同坐標(biāo)系下的坐標(biāo)轉(zhuǎn)換，通過選擇相應(yīng)的參考橢球運(yùn)用相應(yīng)的轉(zhuǎn)換模型進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)換。坐標(biāo)轉(zhuǎn)換數(shù)據(jù)處理過程復(fù)雜，模型參數(shù)計(jì)算涉及最小二乘原理和矩陣運(yùn)算，所以利用計(jì)算機(jī)進(jìn)行坐標(biāo)轉(zhuǎn)換，既節(jié)省了時(shí)間，又能提高計(jì)算結(jié)果的準(zhǔn)確性。本文就基于MATLAB平臺編寫坐標(biāo)轉(zhuǎn)換程序以及設(shè)計(jì)坐標(biāo)轉(zhuǎn)換系統(tǒng)用戶界面，利用MATLAB強(qiáng)大的矩陣運(yùn)算能力以及豐富的函數(shù)，能夠方便快捷的實(shí)現(xiàn)坐標(biāo)轉(zhuǎn)換。關(guān)鍵詞：坐標(biāo)系，坐標(biāo)轉(zhuǎn)換，參數(shù)模型，MATLABAbstractWith the rapid development of the cause of the surveying and mapping, the formation of global integration, of surveying and mapping material form a unified and standard requirement, coordinate system of unified is one of the hand. Now countries adopt of coordinate system has Beijing 54 coordinate system, xian 80 coordinate system, WGS84 coordinate system, the national 2000 coordinate system, and the local coordinate system, they choose different frame of reference ellipsoid, through the different coordinate conversion between to meet different demand of engineering measurement. In the same coordinate system and the coordinates of different means, such as the earth coordinate, space rectangular, plane coordinates. The transformation between different coordinate system, the same coordinate conversion between different coordinates, will use their corresponding transformation model for conversion. The interaction between the different coordinate system transformation, this paper mainly adopts three model, that is, three parameters model, four parameter model and seven parameter model. The same coordinate coordinate transformation, through the selection of the corresponding reference by the transformation model of the corresponding ellipsoid for conversion. Coordinate conversion of data processing plex, model parameter calculation involved in least square principle and matrix putation, so use puter coordinate transformation, both to save time, and can improve the accuracy of the calculation results. This paper based on MATLAB platform of coordinate transformation and write program design coordinate transformation system user interface, use of MATLAB strong matrix operation ability and rich function, can facilitate quickly realize the coordinate transformation.Keywords:coordinate, coordinate transformation, the parameters of model, MATLABⅠ目 錄1目 錄摘 要..................................................................................................................... Ⅰ ABSTRACT（英文摘要）..................................................................................... Ⅱ 目 錄...................................................................................................................... Ⅲ 第一章 引 言........................................................................................................... 1 研究的背景及意義........................................................................................ 1 坐標(biāo)系間轉(zhuǎn)換的研究現(xiàn)狀............................................................................ 2 研究的內(nèi)容和目標(biāo)........................................................................................ 2 第二章 大地測量坐標(biāo)系統(tǒng)................................................................................... 3 地球表面、大地水準(zhǔn)面和橢球體................................................................ 3 三種常用坐標(biāo)................................................................................................ 6 空間坐標(biāo)................................................................................................. 6 大地坐標(biāo)................................................................................................. 8 平面坐標(biāo)................................................................................................. 8 基準(zhǔn)................................................................................................................ 9 常用坐標(biāo)系................................................................................................... 10 1954年北京坐標(biāo)系................................................................................ 10 1980年國家坐標(biāo)系................................................................................ 10 WGS84坐標(biāo)系...................................................................................... 11 2000國家大地坐標(biāo)系............................................................................. 11 地方獨(dú)立坐標(biāo)系.................................................................................... 12第三章 坐標(biāo)轉(zhuǎn)換的理論及其方法........................................................................ 13 坐標(biāo)轉(zhuǎn)換模型............................................................................................... 13 三參數(shù)模型............................................................................................ 13 四參數(shù)模型............................................................................................ 13 七參數(shù)模型............................................................................................ 14 坐標(biāo)轉(zhuǎn)換中參數(shù)的求解方法....................................................................... 16 三點(diǎn)法.................................................................................................... 16 多點(diǎn)法.................................................................................................... 16 大地坐標(biāo)與空間直角坐標(biāo)間的轉(zhuǎn)換........................................................... 17 大地坐標(biāo)轉(zhuǎn)換成空間直角坐標(biāo)............................................................ 17 空間直角坐標(biāo)轉(zhuǎn)換成大地坐標(biāo)............................................................ 17 第四章 坐標(biāo)轉(zhuǎn)換系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)及其實(shí)現(xiàn)............................................................... 18 MATLAB簡介............................................................................................. 18 .................................................... 19 系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)與功能設(shè)計(jì)..............................................