【正文】 新視野大學(xué)英語（第三版）第二冊課后翻譯答案及原文Unit 1原文：English is known as a world language, regularly used by many nations whose English is not their first language. Like other languages, English has changed greatly. The history of the English language can be divided into three main periods: Old English, Middle English and Modern English. The English language started with the invasion of Britain by three Germanic tribes during the 5th century AD, and they contributed greatly to the formation of the English language. During the medieval and early modern periods, the influence of English spread throughout the British Isles, and from the early 17th century its influence began to be felt throughout the world. The processes of European exploration and colonization for several centuries led to significant change in English. Today, American English is particularly influential, due to the popularity of American cinema, television, music, trade and technology, including the Internet.翻譯：人們普遍認(rèn)為英語是一種世界語言，經(jīng)常被許多不以英語為第一語言的國家使用。與其他語言一樣，英語也發(fā)生了很大的變化。英語的歷史可以分為三個主要階段：古英語，中古英語和現(xiàn)代英語。英語起源于公元5世紀(jì)，當(dāng)時三個日耳曼部落入侵英國，他們對英語語言的形成起了很大的作用。在中世紀(jì)和現(xiàn)代社會初期，英語的影響遍及不列顛群島。從17世紀(jì)初，它的影響力開始在世界各地顯現(xiàn)。歐洲幾百年的探險和殖民過程導(dǎo)致了英語的重大變化。今天，由于美國電影、電視、音樂、貿(mào)易和技術(shù)、包括互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的大受歡迎，美國英語的影響力尤其顯著。 原文：中國書法（calligraphy）是一門獨特的藝術(shù)，是世界上獨一無二的藝術(shù)瑰寶。中國書法藝術(shù)的形成、發(fā)展與漢文字的產(chǎn)生與演進(jìn)存在著密不可分的關(guān)系。漢字在漫長的演變發(fā)展過程中，一方面起著交流思想、繼承文化的重要作用，另一方面它本身又形成了一種獨特的藝術(shù)。書法能夠通過作品把書法家個人的生活感受、學(xué)識、修養(yǎng)、個性等折射出來，所以，通常有字如其人的說法。中國書法不僅是中華民族的文化瑰寶，而且在世界文化藝術(shù)寶庫中獨放異彩。翻譯：Chinese calligraphy is a unique art and the unique art treasure in the world. The formation and development of the Chinese calligraphy is closely related to the emergence and evolution of Chinese characters. In this long evolutionary process, Chinese characters have not only played an important role in exchanging ideas and transmitting culture but also developed into a unique art form. Calligraphic works well reflect calligraphers39。 personal feelings, knowledge, selfcultivation, personality, and so forth, thus there is an expression that seeing the calligrapher39。s handwriting is like seeing the person. As one of the treasures of Chinese culture, Chinese calligraphy shines splendidly in the world39。s treasure house of culture and art. l 孟母教子 孟子幼時家遷居墓地附近，耳濡目染的盡是些喪葬禮儀的事情，他就和小朋友一起模仿著挖墓筑墳的祭奠。孟母感到長此下去對兒子的教育不利，于是就搬家了。新居靠近集市，孟子又學(xué)著商人做買賣，怎樣和商人討價還價，孟母不愿意自己的孩子長大成個商人，于是又搬家了。第三次的新居在學(xué)校附近，孟子就跟著學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)詩書禮儀，揖讓推進(jìn)，等等。孟母認(rèn)為找到了理想的地方，于是決定在這里長住下去。由此可見，孟母深知環(huán)境對孩子成長的影響。這就是“孟母三遷”故事的由來。 孟子逐漸成長，一次未到放學(xué)時間就回家了，孟母把他叫到織布機(jī)旁，讓他看自己織布?？椓撕荛L一段時間，孟母突然用刀子把布割斷，孟子不明白怎么回事，連忙問母親究竟。這時孟母耐心地對他說：“你學(xué)習(xí)半途而廢，就如同把這本來可以織成完整的一匹布割斷是一個道理。”母親的諄諄教導(dǎo)深深地印在孟子的腦海之中，從此他發(fā)奮圖強(qiáng)，刻苦讀書，終于成了戰(zhàn)國時期，也是我國歷史上著名的思想家、教育家。 How Mencius’ Mother Teaches Her Son When Mencius was young, his family lived near a cemetery, fully exposed to funeral ceremonies. He and his playmates imitated burying and mourning proceedings. Mencius’ mother thought the surroundings were not good for his education so she decided to move. They moved to a place next to a fair, and Menciusbegan to learn the ways of business people, bargaining and haggling. His mother didn’t want her son to bee a businessman so she moved again. This time they moved into the house near a school, and Mencius began to learn the Classics and etiquette along with the students. His mother thought this was the right place for him and decided to stay there for good. This shows that Mencius’ mother realized the importance of environment for children’s growing up. These are the stories about how “Mencius’ mother moved three times.” One day, Mencius came back home before school let out. His mother called him to the loom side and let him watch her weaving. After a long time, she suddenly cut the cloth she had wovenwith a knife, much to Mencius’ bewilderment. When Mencius asked, his mother explained, “If you quit school half way, it’s like my cutting the cloth before it is pleted.” Mother’s words were firmly branded in the son’s mind. From then on, he studied assiduously and became a great thinker and educator of the Warring States Period and he has been remembered as such throughout Chinese history.Unit 2 原文：A MOOC (massive open online course) is an online course aimed at unlimited participation and open access via the web. MOOCs are a recent development in distance education and have now bee a surging trend in higher education. These classes are aimed at expanding