【正文】 Counterfeit Parts AdvisoryPolytronix, Inc.仿冒電子元件公告This document contains information about Counterfeit Parts that may be available to be used in the Manufacture/Assembly of Products or Articles that are purchased by Polytronix, Inc.PI在電子產(chǎn)品生產(chǎn)或組裝過程中可能會無意用到購買回來的仿冒電子元件，故本文特此對該類仿冒電子元件進行詳細介紹。Polytronix, Inc. customers have provided us with a warning that these counterfeit ponents are available from some distributors over the internet and from “stores” on eBay. Many counterfeit parts are hard to identify unless you pare them to a known good part or photographs similar to those in this document. 從PI客戶那里得知，這些仿冒電子元件來源于網(wǎng)絡(luò)上的某些批發(fā)商和eBay網(wǎng)店。通常情況下，大部分的仿冒電子元件都很難辨別，除非買家將此仿冒電子元件與已知的真貨來進行對比，或者與本文里所涉及到的那些照片進行對照，便可一辨真?zhèn)巍e are responsible to watch for any evidence of counterfeit parts and to inspect the assemblies that we purchase to determine if counterfeit parts have been used to plete any part of the assembly.PI有責(zé)任隨時留意并檢查所購買回來的電子組件，以確定電子產(chǎn)品的組裝過程中是否有用到這些仿冒電子組件。Additionally Polytronix, Inc. has an obligation to flow down to our suppliers:另外，PI有義務(wù)將以下條款要求信息傳達給PI供應(yīng)商：1. The requirement that no counterfeit parts are to be used in any product or article delivered to Polytronix, Inc. to satisfy a purchase order or as a sample, representative of items that are purchased by Polytronix, Inc. in the future.供應(yīng)商不得以應(yīng)付PI的采購訂單或樣品訂單為由，而向PI提供任何含有仿冒電子組件的產(chǎn)品。2. Information regarding any known supplier of counterfeit parts with the restriction that no part or item provided by the known supplier of counterfeit parts will be used on items delivered to Polytronix, Inc.供應(yīng)商在向PI提供的任何產(chǎn)品中，禁止出現(xiàn)任何已知的偽電子組件供應(yīng)商供應(yīng)的電子組件。3. This requirement must flowdown to subcontractors that a Polytronix, Inc. approved supplier may use to provide parts, materials, or assemblies for items that will be used in any item that will be delivered to Polytronix, Inc.務(wù)必將此要求傳達給分包商或次供應(yīng)商，該次供應(yīng)商的定義為：經(jīng)PI評審合格的，間接向PI提供部件，物料或組件的供應(yīng)商。而其上級供應(yīng)商則是直接向PI提供（包括前面所說的部件，物料或組件的）產(chǎn)品的供應(yīng)商。4. If counterfeit parts are suspected or identified as a separate part or part of an assembly the parts or item must be immediately segregated and reported to management who will make assignments to resolve the questions. 如果某個獨立元件或組裝元件被鑒定為仿冒電子元件，則應(yīng)立即對此獨立元件或組件進行隔離，并及時向上層管理匯報此問題，以便上層管理擬定措施解決此問題。5. Upon confirmed status of any counterfeit part or assembly all parts of the same number included in the item bill of materials used will be segregated and identified for reinspection and/or proper disposition by pany management.一旦仿冒電子元件或組件被確認下來之后，組裝材料里的所有具有相同型號的元件都應(yīng)被隔離，待重新檢查和/或由公司管理層進行恰當(dāng)?shù)奶幹?。左圖為廣東省汕頭市貴嶼鎮(zhèn)的一批工人正在從電子廢棄堆里撿取塑料。汕頭市貴嶼鎮(zhèn)距香港東北部只有幾個小時的車程。該城市有5500家處理電子廢棄物的家庭工廠。（西雅圖時報公司，2006年）右圖為一工人正在用煤炭烤架對線路板進行除焊。先用箱子里的石頭撞擊線路板除去焊料，而后用Pilers夾鉗則可卸下芯片，然后再將芯片放入相應(yīng)的桶子里。除去焊料和芯片后的線路板則被扔在一堆，以進行露天焚燒。What is a Counterfeit Electronic Component? …An Aerospace and Defense Equipment Manufacturer’s View那究竟何謂仿冒電子元件呢？以下為一航空及國防業(yè)專用電子設(shè)備廠商的觀點：? Counterfeiting often involves cases where parts are offered that present a risk both to the Government Equipment Manufacturer and to the Government user. Examples include …? 仿冒行為案例通常涉及到：所提供的元件或產(chǎn)品會給民用電子設(shè)備廠商和政府主體帶來風(fēng)險。這樣的案例包括……? Parts remarked to disguise parts differing from those offered by the original part manufacturer (. original manufacturer, country of origin, specified performance) ? 用有標(biāo)志的其他元件來偽裝非原廠商提供的仿冒元件。（例如，偽裝成原制造商，原產(chǎn)地，保證性能等）? Defective parts scrapped by the original part manufacture? 被原元件制造商報廢的有缺陷的那些元件? Previously used parts salvaged from scrapped assemblies? 從報廢組件中提取出來的先前使用過的元件… These are incidents that jeopardize the performance and reliability of electronics…….這些行為事件已危及到電子產(chǎn)品的性能及可靠性。 Detection of Counterfeit Electronic Components仿冒電子元件檢測It has bee necessary for all distributors of electronic ponents and manufacturers of electronic equipment to inspect all ining electronic ponents for authenticity. This document has been derived from years of inspections at our facility and recent involvement in industry mittees and symposiums related to the increase in counterfeit activity. Our goal with this document is to inform you how to detect counterfeit parts and be confident in your evaluation.對所有的電子元件經(jīng)銷商及電子設(shè)備制造商來說，檢查采購近來的電子元件的真實性已成為必然，至關(guān)重要?；诒緩S多年來的電子元件檢測經(jīng)驗，以及近來就仿冒案例增加問題而開展的一系列專題討論會，特此擬定本公告，旨在告訴大家如何檢測出仿冒電子元件，在仿冒電子元件評估過程中樹立信心。The counterfeiting problem is most prevalent in mainland China. Although we do not purchase directly from that region we continue to receive counterfeit parts on a weekly basis. Often the counterfeits supplied to us are from long time good standing suppliers who are just not trained or prepared to detect counterfeits.仿冒問題在中國大陸最為突出。盡管我們沒有直接從中國大陸地區(qū)采購（電子元件），但是我們每周都會收到仿冒電子元件。通常情況下，該類仿冒電子元件都是來自那些與我們長期合作的且聲譽良好的供應(yīng)商，但是，這些供應(yīng)商卻不曾受訓(xùn)過，也不曾打算做好檢測仿冒電子元件的準(zhǔn)備。We will start with the necessary tools to detect counterfeit or non conformant electronic ponents. You will need all of the standard tools for handling electrostatic sensitive parts. For the detection of counterfeits you will also need a microscope with at least 30X magnification. It is also important that you have a camera built into your microscope. Some of the processes of determining a counterfeit require you to send copies of photos to different resources for their evaluation. In addition to a microscope you will need a solvent to check for part marking permanence. Acetone is a mon chemical to determine if the part has been remarked, but a less harsh solvent is a bination of 3 parts mineral spirits and one part alcohol. This is the mixture that MILSTD883 (method ) requires part markings to withstand.在正式開始檢測仿冒電子元件或不合格電子元件之前，我們要先介紹下檢測過程中需要用到的工具。在處理靜電敏感類元器件時，須使用所有標(biāo)準(zhǔn)工具。檢測仿冒電子元件時，也要用到放大倍數(shù)至少為30倍的顯微鏡。另外，顯微鏡里應(yīng)內(nèi)設(shè)有照相機，這一點也很重要，因為檢測仿冒電子元件的某些過程要求檢測人員將相關(guān)照片發(fā)送至不同的資源團隊，以便他們進行評估。除了顯微鏡之外，還需要相應(yīng)的溶劑來檢查元件標(biāo)記的耐久性。丙酮是一種常見的化學(xué)溶劑，可用來決定元件是否被重新標(biāo)記過，但是，另外一種刺激性較弱的溶劑則是由溶劑油/松香水和酒精以3:1的比例混合而成。美國軍用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)MILSTD883 (method )要求電子元件標(biāo)記必須能承受得住這種混合溶劑的擦洗。To begin inspecting ining electronic ponents we start with a visual inspection of a