【正文】 . . . .. .計(jì)算機(jī)英語(yǔ)（第三版）劉藝 王春生主編 課后習(xí)題答案【一】20100414 13:47Unit One/Section AI. Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text:1. Charles Babbage。 Augusta Ada Byron2. input。 output3. VLSI4. workstations。 mainframes5. vacuum。 transistors6. instructions。 software7. digit。 eight。 byte8. microminiaturization。 chipII. Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa:1. artificial intelligence 人工智能2. papertape reader 紙帶閱讀器3. optical puter 光計(jì)算機(jī)4. neural network 神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)5. instruction set 指令集6. parallel processing 并行處理7. difference engine 差分機(jī)8. versatile logical element 通用邏輯元件9. silicon substrate 硅襯底10. vacuum tube 真空管11. 數(shù)據(jù)的存儲(chǔ)與處理 the storage and handling of data12. 超大規(guī)模集成電路 very largescale integrated circuit13. 中央處理器 central processing unit14. 個(gè)人計(jì)算機(jī) personal puter15. 模擬計(jì)算機(jī) analogue puter16. 數(shù)字計(jì)算機(jī) digital puter17. 通用計(jì)算機(jī) generalpurpose puter18. 處理器芯片 processor chip19. 操作指令 operating instructions20. 輸入設(shè)備 input deviceIII. Fill in each of the blanks with one of the words given in the following list, makingchanges if necessary:We can define a puter as a device that accepts input, processes data, stores data, andproduces output. According to the mode of processing, puters are either analog or digital.They can also be classified as mainframes, miniputers, workstations, or microputers.All else (for example, the age of the machine) being equal, this categorization provides someindication of the puter’s speed, size, cost, and abilities.Ever since the advent of puters, there have been constant changes. Firstgenerationputers of historic significance, such as UNIVAC (通用自動(dòng)計(jì)算機(jī)), introduced in theearly 1950s, were based on vacuum tubes. Secondgeneration puters, appearing in theearly 1960s, were those in which transistors replaced vacuum tubes. In thirdgenerationputers, dating from the 1960s, integrated circuits replaced transistors. In fourthgenerationputers such as microputers, which first appeared in the mid1970s, largescaleintegration enabled thousands of circuits to be incorporated on one chip. Fifthgenerationputers are expected to bine verylargescale integration with sophisticated approachesto puting, including artificial intelligence and true distributed processing.IV. Translate the following passage from English into Chinese:計(jì)算機(jī)將變得更加先進(jìn)，也將變得更加容易使用。語(yǔ)音識(shí)別的改進(jìn)將使計(jì)算機(jī)的操作 更加容易。虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)，即使用所有人類官能與計(jì)算機(jī)進(jìn)行交互的技術(shù)，也將有助于創(chuàng)建更好的人機(jī)接口。人們正在開發(fā)其他的奇異計(jì)算模型，包括使 用生物機(jī)體的生物計(jì)算、使用具有特定屬性的分子的分子計(jì)算，以及使用遺傳基本單位DNA（脫氧核糖核酸）存儲(chǔ)數(shù)據(jù)和執(zhí)行操作 的計(jì)算。這些都是可能的未來(lái)計(jì)算平臺(tái)的例子，而它們迄今還能力有限或完全屬于理論范疇。科學(xué)家們研究它們，是因?yàn)榍度牍柚械碾娐返奈⑿⌒突?受到物理限制。還有一些限制與甚至最微小的晶體管也會(huì)產(chǎn)生的熱量有關(guān)。Unit One/Section BI. Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text:1. experimentation2. interfacing3. interdisciplinary4. microprocessorII. Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa:1. artificial neural network 人工神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)2. puter architecture 計(jì)算機(jī)體系結(jié)構(gòu)3. robust puter program 健壯的計(jì)算機(jī)程序4. humanputer interface 人機(jī)接口5. knowledge representation 知識(shí)表示6. 數(shù)值分析 numerical analysis7. 程序設(shè)計(jì)環(huán)境 programming environment8. 數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu) data structure9. 存儲(chǔ)和檢索信息 store and retrieve information10. 虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí) virtual realityUnit One/Section CI. Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text:1. format2. synchronization3. virtual4. multimedia。 thirdpartyII. Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa:1. data field 數(shù)據(jù)字段，數(shù)據(jù)域2. learning curve 學(xué)習(xí)曲線3. thirdparty solution 第三方解決方案4. Windows Media Player Windows媒體播放器5. 開始按鈕 Start button6. 指定輸入?yún)^(qū) designated input area7. 手寫體識(shí)別系統(tǒng) handwritingrecognition system8. 字符集 character setUnit Two: Computer ArchitectureUnit Two/Section AI． Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text:1. input。 output。 storage2. Basic Input/Output System3. flatbed scanners。 handheld scanners4. LCDbased5. dotmatrix printers。 inkjet printers6. disk drives。 memory7. volatile8. serial。 parallelII. Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa:1. function key 功能鍵，操作鍵2. voice recognition module 語(yǔ)音識(shí)別模塊3. touchsensitive region 觸敏區(qū)4. address bus 地址總線5. flatbed scanner 平板掃描儀6. dotmatrix printer 點(diǎn)陣打印機(jī)（針式打印機(jī)）7. parallel connection 并行連接8. cathode ray tube 陰極射線管9. video game 電子游戲10. audio signal 音頻信號(hào)11. 操作系統(tǒng) operating system12. 液晶顯示（器） LCD (liquid crystal display)13. 噴墨打印機(jī) inkjet printer14. 數(shù)據(jù)總線 data bus15. 串行連接 serial connection16. 易失性存儲(chǔ)器 volatile memory17. 激光打印機(jī) laser printer18. 磁盤驅(qū)動(dòng)器 disk drive19. 基本輸入/輸出系統(tǒng) BIOS (Basic Input/Output System)20. 視頻顯示器 video displayIII. Fill in each of the blanks with one of the words given in the following list, makingchanges if necessary:CDROM stands for pact disc readonly memory. Unlike floppy and hard disks,which use magnetic charges to represent 1s and 0s, optical discs use reflected light. On aCDROM disc, 1s and 0s are represented by flat areas and bumpy (高低不平的) areas (called“pits”) on its bottom surface. The CDROM disc is read by a laser that projects a tiny beam oflight on these areas. The amount of reflected light determines whether the area represents a 1or a 0.Like a mercial CD found in music stores, a CDROM is a “readonly” disc.Readonly means it cannot be written on or erased by the user. Thus, you as a user haveaccess only to the data imprinted (壓印) by the publisher.A single CDROM disc can store 650 megabytes (兆字節(jié)) of data. That is equivalent to451 floppy disks. With that much information on a single disc, the time to retrieve or accessthe information is very important. An important characteristic of CDROM drives is theiraccess rate.IV. Translate the following passage from English into Chinese:調(diào)制解調(diào)器是在 模擬和數(shù)字信號(hào)之間進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)換的設(shè)備。計(jì)算機(jī)使用的是數(shù)字信號(hào)，這種信號(hào)由離散單元組成，通常用一系列1和0表示。模擬信號(hào)是連續(xù)變化的；聲 波就是模擬信號(hào)的一個(gè)例子。調(diào)制解調(diào)器