【正文】 某城鎮(zhèn)污水處理廠初步設(shè)計(jì) 洛陽(yáng)理工學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）靈寶市污水處理廠初步設(shè)計(jì)摘 要水是人類的生命之源，它孕育和滋養(yǎng)了地球上的一切生物，并從各個(gè)方面為人類服務(wù)。但是，水環(huán)境中的淡水資源卻很少，%，%。加之自然水源的季節(jié)變化和地區(qū)差異，以及自然水體遭到的普遍污染，致使可能直接取用的優(yōu)質(zhì)水量日益短缺，難以滿足人們生活和工農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)日益增長(zhǎng)的需求，因此保護(hù)和珍惜水資源，是整個(gè)社會(huì)的共同職責(zé)。所以說(shuō)水資源是基礎(chǔ)性自然資源、戰(zhàn)略性經(jīng)濟(jì)資源，水資源安全屬于資源和經(jīng)濟(jì)安全。80年代以來(lái)，廢水生物處理新工藝的研究、開發(fā)和應(yīng)用，已在全世界范圍內(nèi)得到了長(zhǎng)足的進(jìn)展，并出現(xiàn)了許多新型的廢水生物處理技術(shù)。這些新工藝有的已在國(guó)內(nèi)外實(shí)際工程中得到了良好的應(yīng)用，有的已顯示出其良好的應(yīng)用發(fā)展前景、得到廣大的研究者和工程技術(shù)人員的關(guān)注并正在得到不斷深入的研究，他們的共同特點(diǎn)是高效、穩(wěn)定、節(jié)能，并具有對(duì)污染物去除的多功能性，大多具有脫氮除磷等深度處理的良好效能，并正朝自動(dòng)化控制的方向發(fā)展。近年來(lái)，隨著靈寶市經(jīng)濟(jì)不斷發(fā)展，人口和工業(yè)產(chǎn)值也隨之增加，生活用水和工業(yè)用水的需求也急劇擴(kuò)大，如此必然引起污水量的增加，一系列水環(huán)境問(wèn)題將日益突出。如不及時(shí)對(duì)產(chǎn)生的污水進(jìn)行治理，那么靈寶市的水環(huán)境污染將嚴(yán)重下去，整個(gè)市區(qū)的生活環(huán)境和生態(tài)平衡都將受到更為嚴(yán)重的破壞，而這一切的恢復(fù)將是十分緩慢的，要為之付出的代價(jià)也十分昂貴。因此，必須建立一座生活污水處理廠。污水通過(guò)治理可以緩解和減輕水環(huán)境污染，緩解水資源的供需矛盾，為靈寶市的經(jīng)濟(jì)文化的發(fā)展創(chuàng)造有利條件。工程的興建，一方面為人們提供優(yōu)質(zhì)的生活污水，提高人們的生活質(zhì)量和健康水平；另一方面是工業(yè)用水水質(zhì)得到保障。本設(shè)計(jì)是針對(duì) 靈寶市的實(shí)際情況而設(shè)計(jì)的。由于靈寶市生活用水的流量較大、SS含量高、氮磷等也都需要有一定的去除。A2/O在同時(shí)脫氮除磷去除有機(jī)物的的工藝中，該工藝流程最為簡(jiǎn)單，總水力停留時(shí)間也少于同類其他工藝，在厭氧—缺氧—好氧交替運(yùn)行下，絲菌不會(huì)大量繁殖，SVI一般小于100，不會(huì)發(fā)生污泥膨脹等優(yōu)點(diǎn)。關(guān)鍵詞：污水處理，A2/O，脫氮除磷 The Process Design for LingBao Wastewater Treatment PlantABSTRACTWater is the source of human life, conceived and nourish the all living things on the earth, and from all aspects for human services. However, fresh water resources in water environment is rarely, accounts for only % of the total, and can now directly access for human accounted for only % of freshwater resources. Combined with the seasonal variation and regional differences of natural water sources, as well as the general pollution of natural water bodies, and can directly access the water quality of increasingly scarce, hard to meet the needs of people39。s life and industrial and agricultural production is increasing, so protect and cherish water resources, is a mon responsibility of society as a whole. So water is the foundational natural resource and strategic economic resources, water resources security belongs to resources and economic security. Since the 80 s, a new process for biological treatment of wastewater in the research, development and application, it has been great progress in worldwide, and led to many new types of wastewater biological treatment technology. Some of these new techniques has got good application in practical engineering at home and abroad, some of which have been showing its good application prospect, receive the attention of researchers and engineers and is being constantly indepth study, their mon characteristic is high efficiency, stability, energy saving, and has the versatility of pollutant removal, most has the depth of processing such as nitrogen and phosphorus in good efficiency, and is developing in the direction of the automation control. In recent years, With the economic development of LingBao, population and industrial output also increased, the living water and industrial water demand is increasing dramatically, so will cause the increased amount of sewage, a series of water environment problem increasingly prominent. If not in time to produce sewage treatment, so LingBao serious water environment pollution, the whole urban living environment and ecological balance will be more serious damage, the recovery of all of these will be very slow, to pay the price is also very expensive. So we must build a sewage treatment plant. Sewage through governance can relieve and reduce the water pollution of the environment, ease the contradiction between supply and demand of water resources, for the economic and cultural development of LingBao create favorable conditions. Engineering construction, on the one hand provide people with the high quality of sewage, improve people39。s quality of life and health level。 On the other hand is the industrial water quality guaranteed. This design is designed according to actual situation of LingBao. Because of its high LingBao life water flow, high SS content, nitrogen and phosphorus are also need to have a certain removal. A2O denitrification and phosphorus removal at the same time in the process of the organic matter, the process is the most simple, always similar hydraulic retention time is less than other processes, the alternating anaerobic anoxic aerobic running, bacteria will not thrive, SVI generally less than 100, advantages of sludge bulking will not occur.KEY WORDS: Wastewater Treatment，A2/O，Nitrogen and phosphorus removal12目　錄前　言 1第1章 設(shè)計(jì)概論 3 設(shè)計(jì)依據(jù)和任務(wù) 3 3 設(shè)計(jì)內(nèi)容 3 設(shè)計(jì)要求 4第2章 工藝流程圖的確定 5 工藝流程的方案比較 5 SBR工藝 5 氧化溝工藝 6 A2/O工藝 7 工藝流程的選擇 8 污水處理工藝 9 11第3章 主要構(gòu)筑物計(jì)算 13 污水主干管 13 設(shè)計(jì)參數(shù) 13 泵前中格柵 13 污水提升泵房 15 16 沉砂池 18 初沉池 20 A2/O工藝 22 25 28 30 31 32 33 33第4章平面及高程布置 35 35 35 35 36 高程布置原則 36 高程布置的注意事項(xiàng) 36 高程布置方法 37 38 40 41結(jié)　論 42謝 辭 43參考文獻(xiàn) 44外文資料翻譯 45前　言本次畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)的課題是河南省靈寶市污水處理廠初步設(shè)計(jì)。靈寶市位于河南省西部，由三門峽市代管。近年來(lái)，靈寶市經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展迅速，城市發(fā)展所面臨的資源環(huán)境問(wèn)題日益突出，尤其是該市沒(méi)有污水集中處理設(shè)施，這不利于該市水污染的有效防治和水資源的充分利用。因此，在強(qiáng)調(diào)堅(jiān)持可持續(xù)發(fā)展，轉(zhuǎn)變經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)方式的今天，興建污水處理廠便有著重大的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。本次設(shè)計(jì)的靈寶市污水處理廠規(guī)模較小，投資不宜過(guò)大，應(yīng)考慮采用穩(wěn)定可靠，成本低廉的處理工藝。本設(shè)計(jì)的總體污染物控制指標(biāo)應(yīng)達(dá)到GB189182002 所規(guī)定的一級(jí) B標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。在綜合比較了多種常用工藝的基礎(chǔ)上，為滿足相關(guān)的技術(shù)要求，本設(shè)計(jì)決定采用A2/O處理工藝。A2/O法又稱AAO法，是英文AnaerobicAnoxicOxic第一個(gè)字母的簡(jiǎn)稱（厭氧缺氧好氧法），是一種常用的二級(jí)污水處理工藝，可用于二級(jí)污水處理或三級(jí)污水處理，以及中水回用，具有良好的脫氮除磷效果。該法是20世紀(jì)70年代，由美國(guó)的一些專家在AO法脫氮工藝基礎(chǔ)上開發(fā)的。工藝特點(diǎn)本工藝在系統(tǒng)上可以稱為最簡(jiǎn)單的同步脫氮除磷工藝，總水力停留時(shí)間少于其他類工藝；在厭氧（缺氧）、好氧交替運(yùn)行條件下，絲狀菌不能大量增殖，不易發(fā)生污泥絲狀膨脹，SVI值一般小于100；污泥含磷高，具有較高肥效；運(yùn)行中勿需投藥，兩個(gè)A段只用輕輕攪拌，以不增加溶解氧為度，運(yùn)行費(fèi)用低；存在的待解決問(wèn)題：除磷效果難再提高，污泥增長(zhǎng)有一定限度，不易提高，特別是P/BOD值高時(shí)更甚；脫氮效果也難再進(jìn)一步提高，內(nèi)循環(huán)量一般以2Q為限，不宜太高；進(jìn)入沉淀池的處理水要保持一定濃度的溶解氧，減少停留時(shí)間，防止產(chǎn)生厭氧狀態(tài)和污泥釋放磷的現(xiàn)象出現(xiàn)，但溶解氧濃度也不宜過(guò)高，以防循環(huán)混合液對(duì)缺氧反應(yīng)器的干擾。本次設(shè)計(jì)是對(duì)我們?nèi)甏髮W(xué)學(xué)習(xí)的全面考察，要求我們綜合運(yùn)用所學(xué)知識(shí)，用科學(xué)理論解決具體的實(shí)際問(wèn)題。通過(guò)本次設(shè)計(jì)，我們積累了必要的設(shè)計(jì)經(jīng)驗(yàn)，這對(duì)我們今后的工作而言是十分重要的。 第1章 設(shè)計(jì)概論 設(shè)計(jì)依據(jù)和任務(wù)設(shè)計(jì)題目：靈寶市污水處理廠初步設(shè)計(jì)設(shè)計(jì)基礎(chǔ)資料：污水廠面積：280m140m污水量：近期進(jìn)水水量30000m3/d，2015年預(yù)計(jì)達(dá)到 60000m3/d。進(jìn)水水質(zhì)：BOD5≤190 mg/L CODcr≤390 mg/L TN ≤40mg/LSS ≤200 mg/L 氨氮 ≤35 mg/L TP ≤3 mg/L出水水質(zhì)：BOD5 ≤ 20 mg/L CODcr ≤60 mg/L TN ≤20mg/LSS ≤ 20 mg/L 氨氮 ≤15 mg/L TP ≤1 mg/L去除率：EBOD5≥％ ECODcr≥％ ESS ≥90％ E氨氮≥％ ETP ≥％標(biāo)高：進(jìn)水管官內(nèi)底標(biāo)高為112m，河流洪水位標(biāo)高為113 m。 設(shè)計(jì)內(nèi)容設(shè)計(jì)內(nèi)容包括：選擇污水處理廠工藝流程，確定主要設(shè)計(jì)參數(shù)、進(jìn)行主要構(gòu)筑物