【正文】 日期：2012年05月20日 畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì) 題 目 CA6140普通車床數(shù)控化改造保存期限：三年 保存部門：專業(yè)教研室目 錄摘要 …………………………………………………………………………………………2Abstract ……………………………………………………………………………………3緒論 …………………………………………………………………………………………41 CA6140車床微機(jī)數(shù)控系統(tǒng)總體設(shè)計(jì)方案的擬訂…………………………………6 總體方案確定 ………………………………………………………………… 6 設(shè)計(jì)X—Y數(shù)控工作臺及其控制系統(tǒng) …………………………………………72 CA6140車床進(jìn)給伺服系統(tǒng)機(jī)械部分設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算 ……………………………………7 脈沖當(dāng)量的選擇 …………………………………………………………………8 切削力的計(jì)算 ……………………………………………………………………8 滾珠絲杠螺母副的計(jì)算和選型 …………………………………………………9 齒輪傳動比的計(jì)算………………………………………………………………17 步進(jìn)電機(jī)的計(jì)算與選型…………………………………………………………18 微機(jī)數(shù)控系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)的內(nèi)容………………………………………………………26 80C51單片機(jī)及其擴(kuò)展………………………………………………………..263 數(shù)控機(jī)床的零件程序………………………………………………………………… 34 心得與體會………………………………………………………………………………… 36總結(jié)…………………………………………………………………………………………37 參考文獻(xiàn)……………………………………………………………………………………38致謝…………………………………………………………………………………………39 摘 要：針對現(xiàn)有常規(guī)CA6140普遍車床的缺點(diǎn)提出數(shù)控改裝方案和單片機(jī)系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)，提高加工精度和擴(kuò)大機(jī)床使用范圍，并提高生產(chǎn)率。本論文說明了普通車床的數(shù)控化改造的設(shè)計(jì)過程，較詳盡地介紹了CA6140機(jī)械改造部分的設(shè)計(jì)及數(shù)控系統(tǒng)部分的設(shè)計(jì)。采用以8031為CPU的控制系統(tǒng)對信號進(jìn)行處理，由I/O接口輸出步進(jìn)脈沖，經(jīng)一級齒輪傳動減速后，帶動滾動絲杠轉(zhuǎn)動，從而實(shí)現(xiàn)縱向、橫向的進(jìn)給運(yùn)動。 結(jié)合我國實(shí)際國情，經(jīng)濟(jì)型數(shù)控車床是我國從普通車床向數(shù)控車床發(fā)展的及其重要的臺階。利用現(xiàn)有的普通車床，對其進(jìn)行數(shù)控化改造是一條低成本，高效益的途徑。數(shù)控車床作為機(jī)電一體化的典型產(chǎn)品，在機(jī)械制造業(yè)中發(fā)揮著巨大的作用，很好地解決了現(xiàn)代機(jī)械制造中結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜、精密、批量小、多變零件的加工問題，且能穩(wěn)定產(chǎn)品的加工質(zhì)量，大幅度地提高生產(chǎn)效率。我國作為機(jī)床大國，數(shù)控機(jī)床的占有率還不足百分之三，但是在歐美等發(fā)達(dá)國家數(shù)控機(jī)床的占有率達(dá)到了百分之三十六以上，單從數(shù)字上來看我過和歐美等發(fā)達(dá)國家還有相當(dāng)大的距離。其主要原因?yàn)閿?shù)控車床價(jià)格較貴，一次性投資較大使企業(yè)心有余而力不足。對普通機(jī)床數(shù)控化改造不失為一種較好的良策。在金屬加工行業(yè)中車床在所有加工設(shè)備中占有最大比重，例如最常見的軸類零件，就是由車床加工而成本論文針對目前國內(nèi)企業(yè)現(xiàn)狀，以CA6140普通車床為例提出簡易型經(jīng)濟(jì)數(shù)控改造思路和設(shè)計(jì)方法。關(guān)鍵詞：數(shù)控機(jī)床， 單片機(jī)數(shù)控系統(tǒng)，改裝設(shè)計(jì)，CA6140 伺服電機(jī) 傳動系統(tǒng) 控制系統(tǒng) 電氣控制線路 經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)惠 數(shù)控改造， NC overview of the application [Abstract] To remedy the defects of ordinary lather CA6140, a design of data processing system and its single chip microputer system program is put forward to raise the processing precision and extend the machine’s usage, and to improve production rate。This paper presents the process of designing numerical control reform，and explicitly introduces the design of mechanical and numerical control system reforms。We adopt control system which has 8031 as cpu to cope with the signal，and output the step pulse through the I/O interface。After transmitting and slowing down by force 1 gear, the step pulses drive the leading screw to roll。Thus achieve the vertical movement and the crosswise movement。 Keyword numerical control machine tool, single chip microputer systemChina39。s actual conditions and economic CNC lathe is from the ordinary to the lathe and NC lathe important development of existing ordinary lathe, NC transformation is its low cost and highly efficient lathe as a typical electromechanical integration products, machinery manufacturing plays an enormous role,good solution to the structural plexity of modern machinery, precision, small batches, changeable parts processing,able to stabilize the quality of the processing products, a significant increase in production the big machine, CNC machine tools was less than % , in Europe and the United States and other developed countries to achieve the 36% share of the CNC machine moreI can see from the figures over Europe and the United States and other developed countries there is still a considerable main reason for the higher prices of CNC lathe, a onetime investment to fill larger transformation of the ordinary would be a better in the metal processing industry accounts for the largest proportion of all processing equipment, for example, the most mon from the machining cost is the present status of domestic CA6140 made to the general economic NC lathe ideas and design methods.Essential character numerical control machine tool, single chip microputer system，reform design，The CA6140 servo electrical machinery transmission system control system electricity control line economical numerical control changes 緒 論隨著社會生產(chǎn)和科學(xué)技術(shù)的迅速發(fā)展，機(jī)械產(chǎn)品日趨精密復(fù)雜，且需頻繁改型，普通機(jī)床已不能適應(yīng)這些要求，數(shù)控機(jī)床應(yīng)運(yùn)而生。這種新型機(jī)床具有適應(yīng)性強(qiáng)、加工精度高、加工質(zhì)量穩(wěn)定和生產(chǎn)效率高等優(yōu)點(diǎn)。它綜合應(yīng)用了電子計(jì)算機(jī)、自動控制、