【正文】 論文題目：基于 FPGA 的出租車計(jì)價(jià)器的設(shè)計(jì)專 業(yè)：微電子科學(xué)與工程摘 要出租車計(jì)價(jià)器是乘客與司機(jī)雙方的交易準(zhǔn)則。具有良好性能的計(jì)價(jià)器無(wú)論是對(duì)廣大出租車司機(jī)朋友還是乘客來(lái)說(shuō)都是很必要的?，F(xiàn)在各大中城市出租車行業(yè)都已普及自動(dòng)計(jì)價(jià)器，而部分小城市尚未普及，但隨著城市建設(shè)日益加快，象征著城市面貌的出租車行業(yè)也將加速發(fā)展，所以計(jì)價(jià)器的普及也是毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)的。 本論文闡述了 EDA 的發(fā)展及其優(yōu)勢(shì)、FPGA 的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)及結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)和 VHDL 語(yǔ)言的優(yōu)點(diǎn)及語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)，并分析了出租車計(jì)價(jià)器各模塊的功能要求、基本原理以及實(shí)現(xiàn)方法。本論文的設(shè)計(jì)采用 VHDL 硬件描述語(yǔ)言進(jìn)行編程，基于 Quartus II 軟件平臺(tái)進(jìn)行編譯和仿真。論文介紹了采用 FPGA 芯片設(shè)計(jì)出租車計(jì)價(jià)器的方法，闡述了該計(jì)價(jià)器的主要組成單元：車輪大小選擇模塊、計(jì)程模塊、計(jì)時(shí)模塊及計(jì)費(fèi)模塊、數(shù)據(jù)分配模塊、分頻模塊、譯碼模塊的設(shè)計(jì)方法，同時(shí)給出了詳細(xì)的仿真波形，實(shí)現(xiàn)了出租車基本計(jì)費(fèi)功能，還能模擬汽車啟動(dòng)，停止，暫停等狀態(tài)，同時(shí)提高了計(jì)費(fèi)系統(tǒng)的可靠性、通用性。本設(shè)計(jì)在FPGA 試驗(yàn)箱上運(yùn)行良好，實(shí)現(xiàn)了計(jì)費(fèi)器的各項(xiàng)功能。關(guān)鍵字 FPGA，VHDL，Quartus II，出租車計(jì)價(jià)器Subject: The design of the taxi meter based on FPGASpecialty: Microeletronics Science and EngineeringName:Dan Shen (Signature) ___________Instructor: Gaili Yue (Signature) ___________ABSTRACTTaxi meter is the rule of passenger and driver. Have a good performance of the meter for our taxi driver or passenger is very necessary. Now the automatic taxi meter has popularized, and some small city has not been popular, but with the quickening of city construction, the symbol of the city will accelerate development of the taxi industry.This article elaborates the concept and development of EDA , the development trend and structure of the FPGA, andexplains the advantages and grammar structure of VHDL ,meanwhile, analysed the function request, the basic principle as well as the method ofacplishment of each parts. This system39。s design programmes in the VHDL, piled and emulated basing on Quartus II platform of Altera consists of four modules, that is speed, mileage, timing and billing module. This paper introduce one method that can use a chip of FPGA to design taxi meter, which consists of four modules, that is speed, mileage, timing and billing module, and then, describe the design of each module and give out the simulation. This taxi meter can be selfcharging according to mileage, which also can simulate the state of speed,such as start, stop, and pause, at the same time, its reliability and monality also can be improved. This design FPGA test box on running well, realize the different functions of the message accounting device. KEY WORDS FPGA , VHDL , Quartus II ,The taxi meter1目 錄第 1 章 緒論 ................................................................1 課題研究背景及目的 ...................................................1 課題研究現(xiàn)狀 .........................................................2 課題研究方法 .........................................................3第 2 章 設(shè)計(jì)相關(guān)工具介紹 ....................................................4 EDA 介紹 ..............................................................4 EDA 的發(fā)展 ........................................................4 EDA 的優(yōu)勢(shì) ........................................................5 FPGA 介紹 .............................................................5 FPGA 的發(fā)展趨勢(shì) ...................................................6 FPGA 結(jié)構(gòu)及其特點(diǎn) .................................................7 VHDL 介紹 .............................................................7 VHDL 簡(jiǎn)介 .........................................................7 VHDL 代碼結(jié)構(gòu) .....................................................8 VHDL 語(yǔ)言設(shè)計(jì)硬件電路的優(yōu)點(diǎn) .......................................9 QUARTUS II............................................................10 QuartusⅡ簡(jiǎn)介 ...................................................10 QuartusⅡ設(shè)計(jì)流程 ...............................................10 實(shí)驗(yàn)箱簡(jiǎn)述 ..........................................................11第 3 章 系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì) .........................................................13 總體設(shè)計(jì) ............................................................13 出租車計(jì)價(jià)器的設(shè)計(jì)要求 ..........................................13 總體框架設(shè)計(jì) ....................................................13 流程圖 ...........................................................14 主要模塊設(shè)計(jì) .........................................................16 出租車總體模塊設(shè)計(jì) ..............................................16 車輪大小選擇模塊設(shè)計(jì) ............................................17 計(jì)程模塊設(shè)計(jì) ....................................................18 計(jì)時(shí)模塊設(shè)計(jì) ....................................................18 計(jì)費(fèi)模塊設(shè)計(jì) ....................................................19 數(shù)據(jù)分配模塊設(shè)計(jì) ................................................21 譯碼模塊設(shè)計(jì) ....................................................21 分頻模塊設(shè)計(jì) ....................................................222第 4 章 仿真及調(diào)試結(jié)果 .....................................................23 仿真結(jié)果 ............................................................23 出租車總體模塊仿真波形 ..........................................23 車輪大小選擇模塊仿真波形 ........................................23 計(jì)程模塊仿真波形 ................................................24 計(jì)時(shí)模塊仿真波形 ................................................24 計(jì)費(fèi)模塊仿真波形 ................................................25 數(shù)據(jù)分配模塊仿真波形 ............................................25 譯碼模塊仿真波形 ................................................26 分頻模塊仿真波形 ................................................26 管腳分配及說(shuō)明 ......................................................27 調(diào)試結(jié)果及分析 ......................................................27第 5 章 總結(jié) ...............................................................31致 謝 .....................................................................34參考文獻(xiàn) ..................................................................35附 錄 .....................................................................36源代碼 ..................................................................361第 1 章 緒論 課題研究背景及目的出租車計(jì)價(jià)器是乘客與司機(jī)之間用于公平貿(mào)易的工具，同時(shí)它也是出租車行業(yè)發(fā)展的重要標(biāo)志。所以具有良好性能的出租車計(jì)價(jià)器無(wú)論是對(duì)司機(jī)還是乘客來(lái)說(shuō)都是很重要的。因此，設(shè)計(jì)出租車計(jì)價(jià)器是很有價(jià)值的。在 70 年代開(kāi)始時(shí)我國(guó)出現(xiàn)了第一輛出租車，但是那時(shí)的出租車計(jì)價(jià)器幾乎都是進(jìn)口的，不但不夠準(zhǔn)確，而且價(jià)格還十分貴。隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)的快速發(fā)展，出租車行業(yè)的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)已十分突出，直接導(dǎo)致國(guó)內(nèi)各機(jī)械廠紛紛研發(fā)計(jì)價(jià)器。同時(shí)經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展也意味著城市旅游業(yè)的迅猛發(fā)展，使得出租車已經(jīng)成為看一個(gè)城市的窗口，也是象征這個(gè)城市的文明程度?，F(xiàn)在各大中城市的出租車計(jì)價(jià)器已經(jīng)普及，部分小城市雖尚未普及，但隨著城市建設(shè)的日益加快，實(shí)現(xiàn)計(jì)價(jià)器的全面普及是毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)的，所以未來(lái)出租車計(jì)價(jià)器的市場(chǎng)是難以想象的?，F(xiàn)在我國(guó)普遍使