【正文】 摘 要由于步進加熱爐獨特的優(yōu)越性,使其在現(xiàn)代冶金工廠得到了廣泛應(yīng)用。它與傳統(tǒng)的推鋼式加熱爐和輥底式加熱爐相比具有如下優(yōu)點:鋼坯黑印減少、消除了滑軌劃傷 ,產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量高。爐內(nèi)鋼坯不會發(fā)生粘鋼和拱鋼事故。爐子設(shè)計可以大型化,提高爐子的加熱能力等等。步進梁式加熱爐采用液壓傳動,傳動結(jié)構(gòu)簡單,且傳動平穩(wěn),容易實現(xiàn)自動控制。本文以某鋼廠步進爐機械結(jié)構(gòu)系統(tǒng)為研究對象,進行了以下研究工作:首先對步進加熱爐的工作原理、動作過程、機械結(jié)構(gòu)、機械傳動及液壓站進行了分析,詳細研究了平移軌道裝配，提升導(dǎo)向支座和提升導(dǎo)向裝配的設(shè)計原理, 詳細研究了液壓系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計與計算，并且液壓系統(tǒng)采用容積和節(jié)流兩種調(diào)速方式，這樣可以提高效率，本設(shè)備采用變量泵，在較大范圍內(nèi)用容積調(diào)速，且選擇了液壓伐如：平衡伐、調(diào)速伐等，并且用 CAD 繪制了圖。步進梁以矩形軌跡運動，即分別進行升、進、降、退的連貫動作，并且在水平運動和升降運動過程中，運行速度是變化的。目的在于保證水平運動和升降運動的緩起緩?fù)Ｒ约霸谏颠^程中，步進梁從固定梁上托起或者向固定梁上放下鋼坯時能夠輕托輕放，防止步進機械產(chǎn)生沖擊和震動。關(guān)鍵詞：步進加熱爐；機械傳動；容積節(jié)流調(diào)速；調(diào)速伐；平衡閥；液壓系統(tǒng)；恒壓變量泵；CAD。AbstractDue to the unique advantages of stepheating furnace, it has been widely applied in the modern metallurgical plant. It has the following advantages pared to the traditional Pushertype furnace and the roller hearth furnace: fewer billet black mark, eliminating the slide scratch, higher products quality. Because sticky steel and steel arch does not outcry, so largescale furnace can be designed and heating capacity of furnace can be improved. Because walkingbeam adopt hydraulic transmission mode, the transmission structure is simpler, the transmission is smoother and it is easier to implement automatic control. Series of research works has been carried out in this paper based on the mechanical system of furnace in one factory. The first step to the action of the heating furnace process, mechanical structure and hydraulic station for analysis, A detailed study of the rail assembly, the translation of the ascension oriented bearings and improve the design principle and guide assembly, A detailed study of the hydraulic system, the design and calculation of And the hydraulic system adopt volume and throttling two speed means, so that may raise the efficiency, this equipment use of variable pump, the In a wide range with volume, and choose the speed hydraulic cut such as: balance cut, cut speed .And with CAD drawing the figure. Walking beam with rectangular, namely trajectory respectively, into, fall, and rise of motion and coherent back in horizontal movement and lifting movement process, operation speed is changing. Purpose is to ensure that level of slow motion and lifting movement up suspension and in the process of lifting, walking beam from fixed beam to raise or fixed down on the beam slab to light when tore put, prevent light step mechanical impact and vibration。Key words：Walkingbeam furnace；Mechanical transmission。 Volume throttling speed ；Speed cut。 Balancing valve ；hydraulic system；Constant pressure variable pump；Computer Aided Design.目錄摘要 .................................................................................................................IABSTRACT .................................................................................................II目錄 ..............................................................................................................III第 1 章．步進爐發(fā)展簡介 ............................................................................1第 2 章步進式加熱爐的方案確定 ................................................................5第 3 章．步進式加熱爐的工作原理和特點 ................................................7 本設(shè)備的結(jié)構(gòu)特點和工作原理 ...............................................................................7第四章 步進式加熱爐液壓系統(tǒng)設(shè)計與計算 ..............................................9 負載力的確定 ...........................................................................................................9 油缸幾何參數(shù)及液壓系統(tǒng)的確定 .........................................................................14 選擇液壓閥 .............................................................................................................24 系統(tǒng)管路損失、效率、發(fā)熱量的計算 .................................................................27 液壓系統(tǒng)其他零部件的選擇與計算 .....................................................................37第 5 章 機械部件結(jié)構(gòu)介紹 ........................................................................47 平移軌道裝配 .........................................................................................................47 提升導(dǎo)向裝配（一） .............................................................................................48 提升導(dǎo)向支座（一） ...........................................................................................48第 6 章 本設(shè)備液壓系統(tǒng)的安裝、調(diào)整、使用和維護 ............................50 .........................................................................................................................50 .........................................................................................................................50 .........................................................................................................................50 .........................................................................................................................51第七章 結(jié)論 ................................................................................................52參考文獻 ......................................................................................................53致謝 ..............................................................................................................54附件一 外文文獻翻譯 ................................................................................55附件二 外文文獻原文 ................................................................................58第 1 章．步進爐發(fā)展簡介加熱爐是將物料或工件加熱的設(shè)備。在冶金工業(yè)中加熱爐習(xí)慣上是指把金屬加熱到軋制成鍛造溫度的工業(yè)爐，包括有連續(xù)加熱爐和室式加熱爐等。連續(xù)加熱爐廣義來說，包括推鋼式爐、步進式爐、轉(zhuǎn)底式爐、分室式爐等連續(xù)加熱爐。連續(xù)加熱爐按爐溫分布，爐膛沿長度方向分為預(yù)熱段、加熱段和均熱段；進料端爐溫較低為預(yù)熱段，其作用在于利用爐氣熱量，以提高爐子的熱效率。加熱段為主要供熱段，爐氣溫度較高，以利于實現(xiàn)快速加熱。均熱段位于出料端，爐氣溫度與金屬料溫度差別很小，保證出爐料坯的斷面溫度均勻。由于本設(shè)計的內(nèi)容是關(guān)于步進梁式加熱爐，所以要對其做一些簡單的介紹。步進梁式爐比推鋼爐具有許多優(yōu)點，因而成為新建軋廠的首選爐型。熱軋寬帶鋼廠的規(guī)模正向大型化發(fā)展，步進梁式爐的特點之一是爐長不受推鋼長度限制，因而能適應(yīng)軋機的小時產(chǎn)量增長的形勢。加熱爐是鋼鐵企業(yè)熱軋生產(chǎn)過程的關(guān)鍵設(shè)備之一，其性能直接影響到加熱爐的能耗和最終鋼材產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量、鋼坯成材率、軋機設(shè)備壽命以及整個主軋線的有效作業(yè)率。目前在板材、棒材或線材的熱軋生產(chǎn)中，廣泛采用步進式加熱爐對鋼坯進行爐內(nèi)步進式運送并加熱．與直推式加熱爐相比，其顯著特點是加熱速度快、溫度均勻、操作靈活易于適應(yīng)軋機的產(chǎn)量要求、不粘鋼。步進式連續(xù)加熱爐，把原來的整體式爐底分成固定爐底和活動爐底。只有一個活動爐底的叫單梁，有多個活動爐底叫多梁。是因加熱鋼坯的長多不同而別。一般單棵用于小型。多棵用于大