跨文化交際資料整理(已修改)
2025-07-01 12:30 本頁面
【正文】 Enculturation 文化習(xí)得:The process of learning one’s own cultureAcculturation 文化適應(yīng):Adapt the cultures learning by the other culturesVerbal Intercultural Communication非言語行為:People from different cultural backgrounds municate with other people through language.Social cultural elements: ①cultural values ②worldview ③social organizationglobalization：①refers to the establishment of a world economy, in which national borders are being less and less important as transnational corporations, existing everywhere and nowhere ,do business in a global market. ②also refers to what is called timespacepression.(the increasing global mobility of people/ the impact of new electronic media on human munication)human needs: ①physiological（fundamental need）②safty ③ the belongingness (love,affection)④ the esteem(respect) ⑤selfactualization(reach one’s potential)文化冰山理論（Edward T Hall）:Culture like an iceberg can be divided into two parts: culture above the waterline and culture below the waterline. Culture above the waterline is explicit, visible, tangible, easy to change with time, a tip of the iceberg. Culture below the waterline is implicit, invisible, intangible, hard to change with time, the majority.culture: can be defined as the coherent, learned, shared view of a group of people about life’s concerns that ranks what is important, furnishes attitudes about what things are appropriate, and dictates behavior.language and culture: ①language reflects the environment in which we live. ②reflects cultural values ③language lives, it changes over time. ④language –andcultural is embedded in cultural products, practices, perspectives, munities, and persons. language –andcultural are two sides of the same coin, members of the culture use their language to portray their culture, to put their cultural perspectives into practice. Language unites products, practices, perspectives, munities, and persons.文化維度 cultural dimensions(Geert Hofstede): individualismcollectivism，uncertainy avoidance ，power distance， masculinityfemininity ，longterm vs shortterm.munication: ①元素：context, participants(affecting aspects are relationship, gender, culture), messages(meaning, symbols, encoding and decoding), channels(sound and sight), noise(external, internal, semantic), feedback. ②過程，本質(zhì)：dynamic process不斷變化。 symbolic象征的。 systemic影響全局。 plex。 involves making inferences。 has a consequence. ③作用：munication is a process involving the exchange of messages and the creation of meaning. It is effective to the extent that we are able to minimize misunderstanding. Generally, the greater our cultural and linguistic knowledge, and the more our beliefs overlap with the people with whom we municate, the less likelihood there will be misunderstandings. ④方式：high
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